242 
THE COTTAGE HARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, January 19, 1858. 
mi V * pnmpm nnrl \ of the laterals, or members, may turn up any day. 
The frame is then attached to _ 7 ,, and aspire to take the lead; and two or three more of 
the slide withdrawn for a period varying with the ^ em ma y do the same thing, and at the same time, 
intensity of the light. The picture taken, the while the proper leader of the party is still going on 
frame is returned to the yellow bag ; the impressed in the right direction. 
rawer ton which the image is not in all cases When the leader of the Oak, the Elm, the Ash, Mid 
papu , 7 & , n ,1 ,n T the rest of them, gets injured, or is kept hack by a 
apparent), placed m the view partot the poitioii . r ^ va ^ a g ide-branch of the nature of a lateral never 
Another piece of prepared paper is then trans- takes the lead, or becomes the rival: it must he a 
ferred to the frame, in readiness for the next stronger kind of branch from a better-placed bud. 
i-i Here, then, we first come to the necessity of pruning 
siiDject. _ ,1 .P 1 - ™ the Oak, and other such trees. But some say that trees 
In the evening, out coi I . , if should not he pruned at all; that the more branches 
confinement in its yellow prison; and the sheet ol there are, the more leaves ; and the more of them, the 
°'lass is cleaned and placed on a level table. A more work, and the most timber: which may be all 
little of solution 0 is poured thereon; which the very true, or not quite true, according to circumstances. 
nhotosrrawb is suffered to absorb, on the impressed But, then, the value of the timber comes m for con- 
pnotogiapn is ’ , 1 ,, sideration ; and one tree may have a load more timber 
side. The picture, thoroughly develope > in it than another of the same kind, and yet be not 
washed in water, and placed in the extra portfolio; WO rtli more than one-third of the price of the latter: 
where it is protected from the effects of light until the pruning makes all the difference. One tree, at 
the nhotoffraDher returns home, when all the satis- an early age, as we have just seen, went wrong, on 
tile pnotograpner lciwm A > ^ the principle of a “limited ” or an unlimited company; 
factory pictures aie cai" 1 y < , half a dozen leaders took each their share of the circu- 
piiite, as described at page 17 o. When diy, they bating medium, and something more; and before the 
are ready for printing from in the pressure frame tree was much more than a shrub, it was a fit object 
fnao’e 109) to the e y e taste, perhaps, and to a poet’s eye as 
Although our description r»ay appear com-1 -lb q It ~d 
plicated, this process will be lound lemaika y J e y er ^ which, if put together, would fall far short of the 
simple in practice. 
{To he continued.) 
WHAT IS THE USE OF VINE LATERALS? 
requirements of the dock-yard and Sir Charles Wood. 
Therefore, if Sir Charles is to give the best price, the 
forester must cut off the heads of five of the company, 
and so encourage the natural and true leader to have 
the whole management of the Oak firm to the end of 
the chapter; and not only that, but he must keep a 
constant eye on all the members, to see that no more 
of them take to bad habits, or extravagant ways ; and 
that the whole company is never too much crowded 
To those who may not know what laterals are, it 
may be sufficient to say, that they are the side-shoots 
which grow out of all the young growths, or season’s . 
growth, of a Grape Vine; and that one lateral comes together in hot weather, 
from every eye, or hud, almost as soon as the hud is In a forest, for ornament or for deer-stalkmg, no 
formed. ’These side-shoots, or laterals, are always pruning is necessary. The same thing happens there, 
very much smaller than the shoot from which they or rather comes natural, as m a single tree: so many 
grow ; hut every Vine, whether in or out of doors, in trees take the lead, and keep it, like so many leading 
a pot,’or in the vineyard, is sure to have a lateral at shoots. But bring the whole forest down to, or under, 
every eye of the young wood of the current season’s the hammer: when the deer may take to the mourn 
growth" Therefore, any one may see what a lateral tains, but the owner must take less than five shillings 
really is by looking at a Vine in growth, no matter in the pound of the value of what the concern might 
how it grows, or where. All that the student has to realise if it had been put under a skilful manager from 
mind, after this, is, that all laterals are the same to a the outset. Hence the difference between pruning and 
Vine-shoot as the side-shoots are to the branches of no pruning; the value of growing timber for use, or 
all other trees during only the first seasons growth of for ornament. 
those branches. What is the use or value of Vine laterals, therefore, 
But there is this very great difference between the seeing that we do not grow the Vine for timber, and 
nature of a Vine lateral, and the side-shoot of any very seldom for ornament ? The answer to this 
other plant—it never, under any circumstances, aspires question would, probably, assume as many aspects, as 
to excel in size the branch which bears it. There is an- the answers to the way I pruned the experimental 
other property that belongs to the Vine lateral, which Vine ; therefore, the best gardener amongst us would, 
is not a part of the office of a side-shoot of a great as likely as not, he the farthest from the true solution ; 
number of kinds of trees,—which property is this : and yet we, all of us knowing and experienced gar- 
If, by accident, or by the hand of the Vine-dresser, deners, are well aware of one of the uses of laterals 
a shoot be broken, or cut off, the lateral from the in Vine forcing: the powerful assistance they give to 
uppermost bud will take the place of the broken, or the swelling and the ripening of Grapes, when the 
cut part; and, by so doing, it prevents the buds imme- Vines are, by necessity, owing to the wantof proper 
diately below the cut part from breaking into shoots, space, obliged to be pruned so hard, that is, so short, 
and forming rival leaders ; as often happens when the that without the assistance of the secondary leaves 
leading shoot of an Oak, and many other trees, gets on the laterals, there would not be a sufficiency of 
| injured, and unfit to keep the lead. leaf-surface to convert the juices, or digest the food 
I Hence we may compare the growth of the Vine to for the proper formation of the Vine’s growth, and 
military discipline: no lateral, or other officer, is al- blood for the Grapes—the necessary quantity and 
lowed to take the lead as long as the leading shoot, or quality of secretions for the different parts, 
general, is alive, or fit for dutv ; while the. Oak, the Under a proper system of long-rod pruning out of 
Elm, and Ash, and hundreds of other kinds of trees, doors, with ample room, in such a climate as ours, it is 
must be likened to a private company, in which one j better not to allow a single lateral on a whole Vine, 
