320 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, August 30, 1859. 
convex, chaffy. Ray flow-flowered. Pericarps crowned with 
a membraneous border. 
Antuemis alpina (alpine). Stem downy, one-flowered; leaves 
sessile, pinnatifid, segments linear, subulate, pectinate, entire ; 
petals ovate. 1 ft. White. July. Austria. 
A. Barrelieri (Barrelier’s). 1 ft. White. August. China. 
A. coronopipolia (buckhom-leavcd). Stem erect, branched, 
smooth; leaves linear, sessile, pinnatifid, segments entire; 
receptacle conical. 1 ft. White. May. Spain. 
A. gkaxdielora (large-flowered). 1 ft. White. July. South 
of Europe. 
A. incrassata (thick-peduncled). 1 ft. White. July. France. 
A. Kitaibeliii (Kitaibel’s). 1ft. White. June. Hungary. 
A. Marshauliana (Marshall’s). Leaves hoary, bi-pinnate, pin¬ 
na linear, entire or trifid-pectinate; stems ascending, one- 
llowered; calyx scales membranaceous at the point. 2 ft. 
Yellow. July. Caucasus. 
A. pubescens (soft-haired). Leaves bi-pinnate, pinn® linear; 
stem erect, downy ; calyx interior scales sphacelate at the end, 
downy. 1ft. White. July. S. of Europe. 
A. Rudoephiana (Rudolph’s). Leaves bi-pinnate, pinn® linear ; 
stems ascending, one-flowered. 1 ft. Yellow. July. Caucasus. 
A. tomentosa (downy). Plant entirely white; stem erect; 
leaves pinnate, pinn® three or five-cleft; involucre downy. 
1 ft. White. July. Levant. 
To this tribe belongs the well-known Chamomile of Britain. 
The species are pretty, free-flowering plants, though not very 
showy. Propagated by taking up the plants in March, dividing 
them into good pieces, and planting them directly in sandy loam, 
where they are to bloom. T. Applebv. 
( To he contimied.) 
in places where Potatoes have been grown, September is as early as 
a whole crop can well be got off, when they have to be kept through 
the winter. It also often happens that where timber or coppice 
has been on the ground for many years, that weeds, brambles, 
and rubbish of various kinds abound, all of which it is de¬ 
sirable to get rid of. Nothing affords a better opportunity for 
this than Potatoes planted wide, and they leave the ground in 
good condition for sowing Grass seeds. Besides, they often assist 
materially to pay for the work that has been done. 
For the same reason, as urged above, September is the best 
month to sow small patches in the lawn where turf cannot well 
be had ; and as Nature points out a proper time for everything to 
be sown, Grass is at this time more on the ascendant than those 
annual or other weeds which would overgrow the slender blades 
of the young Grass plant at another season. Sowing, also, in 
September, on ground moderately good, often ensures a good 
covering before winter, and the ground looks well all that dull 
season. The rich hue contrasts favourably with the older turf 
more or less injured by the frost, or dirtied extremely with worm- 
casts in mild winters. 
Although it is needless here giving directions for laying down 
Grass for lawns, it being too often done on whatever mixture of 
material accident places at the top ; nevertheless, a little care in 
having a very little good and fine material on which the seeds are 
first to strike root, after that they will struggle on, and live on 
a flat surface; but steep slopes lying to the south are liable to 
be scorched with the sun, if there is not a good depth of good 1 
mould. Let this, therefore, be well attended to, especially in ; 
dry districts ; in moister ones, there is much less difficulty in 
having a good turf, and, what is of more consequence, it always 
looks better.—J. Robson. 
LAYING DOWN GRASS FOR LAWNS. 
Few things usually are more unsatisfactory than the imperfect 
manner in which Grass seeds germinate. For it is not uncom¬ 
mon to see large gaps without a blade of Grass, but redolent, 
perhaps, with weeds of the coarsest kinds; or, if the ground 
is clear of such-like seeds, a few solitary patches of Clover at 
wide spaces apart have the sole possession of the ground. This 
is very often the case where lawn-grass seeds are sown at any 
time but the proper, especially in -districts not favourable to the 
growth of Grass, or, perhaps, on soils not the best adapted to it. 
Such, for instance, as is often met with in lawns, or in the neigh¬ 
borhood of buildings, where excavations or levellings have been 
going on, leaving a very rough, unfertile material at the top, on 
which there is a wish to have a good sward as early as possible. 
Other cases sometimes come under the gardener’s care, where 
large breadths of plantation or shrubbery have been destroyed, and 
the place intended to be laid down in turf. The latter case being 
one of often occurrence, it may be treated with first. 
Assuming that it is determined to destroy a portion of a wood, 
and to sow the plot down with grass, and supposing this arrange¬ 
ment to have been decided on early in the autumn, then let no 
time be lost in grubbing up the trees, and removing them and 
other things ; then drain the ground, if necessary; and if any 
portion of it have not been stirred at least a foot deep, let it be 
done, and the whole left exposed to the action of the winter. 
Q etting all the above done early in the season enables the ground 
to sweeten and benefit by the weather. This being done before 
Christmas, and some hard weather following in January, the- 
crop which it is most advisable to plant as a preparatory one 
may be put in as early in February as the nature of the ground 
and other circumstances will permit—taking care, however, to 
plant only the early varieties ; for it is essential to have them 
cleared off the ground by the first of September, if possible, and 
then grass seeds may be sown with every likelihood of obtaining 
a good sward. 
In recommending the beginning of September for the sowing 
of Grass seeds, I cm guided solely by experience, and what is, 
perhaps, of more importance, copying Nature. We all know' 
Grasses seed during the summer, and shed them when they are 
ripe—often, it is true, before September. I dare say August 
would be as favourable a time to sow- them; but the dry weather 
often prevailing then, and the liability that seeds have to be 
picked up by birds when they lie some time on the ground 
before germinating, render it advisable to defer sowing until the 
end of August or beginning of September, when their growth 
will be assisted by the heavy dews common at that time. Besides, 
TEXAS. 
Figs grow very well here, and at all points between this and 
the coast. In the low prairies near the coast there might, and j 
ought to be, produced enough to supply the demand of the 1 
entire country. Many varieties of Figs are growing in Texas; 1 
but as yet I am not aware that any one has attempted to raise j 
them as an article of export. 
Very fine Oranges and Lemons are produced on Galveston I 
Island and along the coast, but the trees arc liable to be killed ; 
by the sudden changes in the spring of the year. 
At present we have nearly the same garden vegetables that arc ] 
grown in the vicinity of Philadelphia. When we have means of ] 
irrigation, the more hardy vegetables may be had fresh from the ; 
garden the whole year with slight care. Cabbage, Lettuce, Beet, 
Radishes, Carrots, Parsnips, Turnips, &c., may usually be had 
from the garden throughout the entire year ; but this must be 
understood only when there is the means of irrigation. 
Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, and Plums, grow well, I think, j 
in all parts of Texas. Some very fine Apples were produced in 
this neighbourhood last year. I think Pears may also be grown 
with care. Wild Grapes grow in great profusion, but chiefly of 
one or two kinds. The “ Mustang Grape,” as it is called, is a 
most prolific bearer, and makes a fine Claret wine. In many 
counties, quite thickly settled, I have no doubt but the product 
of this wild Vine, made into wine, would annually be much more : 
valuable than the crop of cotton. These Grapes ripen early in 
July ; and I have found the Vines hanging full late in December. 
There are, probably, twelve or fifteen varieties of this one kind, 
perhaps more; and some of them I think might be improved by 
cultivation so as to make a good table Grape. 
There is a native Honeysuckle growing here, which I do not 
recollect to have seen anywhere else, and I should like if you 
could get it, for variety, if nothing else. We commence our 
spring gardening early in February.—C. G. 
BELLE VUE ZOOLOGICAL AND BOTANICAL 
GARDENS, NEAR MANCHESTER. 
(Continued from page 304.) 
In the Pine-stove here I noticed a large number of pots filled 
with the new genus Tydea. These are intended for ■winter dis¬ 
play of bloom in the large stove, for which purpose they are 
admirably adapted; also a large assortment of Gloxinias, the 
young shoots of which were just appearing above the soil. These, 
also, are for winter blooming when flowers are comparatively 
