THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, September 13, 1859. 
353 
of sepals; capsules oblong, thrice length of calyx. 3 in. 
White. July. N. America. 
A. marina (marine). Stems prostrate, nearly smooth; leaves 
filiform, shorter than the internode; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, 
scarious at the edges ; capsules half length of the calyx. 2 in. 
Purple. July. Germany. 
A. makginata (margined). Stems much branched, ciliated; 
leaves linear-awl-shaped, smoothish; sepals acute-edged. 6 in. 
White. July. Caucasus. 
A. Montana (mountain). Plant downy; leaves lanceolate- 
linear ; sterile stems very long, procumbent; peduncles termi¬ 
nal, very long, one-fiowered ; fruit-bearing stems nodding; 
capsules ovate-globose, six-valved, long as calyx, valves bluntish; 
seeds kidney-shaped, rough. 3 in. White. July. France. 
A. multicatelis (many-stemmed). Leaves ovate, pulpy, thick, 
ciliated; stems procumbent ; sepals scarcely nerved. 6 in. 
White. July. Europe. 
A. naedifolia (Nardus-leaved). Stems erect, tufted, three- 
flovvered ; leaves awl-shaped, pungent; petals oblong, obtuse ; 
sepals obtuse, half length of petals ; capsules three-valved. 
6 in. White. July. Siberia. 
A. Norvegica (Norwegian). Plant glabrous ; stems terete, pro¬ 
cumbent, one and two-flowered; leaves spatulate, glabrous; 
flowers terminal, rather globose ; sepals ovate, obtuse, scarcely 
nerved, margins rather membranaceous, long as corolla; 
capsules ovate-globose, six-valved at apex, hardly exceeding 
the calyx. 3 in. White. July. Scotland. 
A. peploides (Peplis-like). Leaves ovate, acute, fleshy, approxi¬ 
mated ; flowers solitary, short-stalked; sepals oblong, acute, 
length of coi’olla. 3 in. White. June. Britain. 
A. pinipoIiIA (Pine-leaved). Stems distorted, ascending, few- 
flowered, downy; leaves setaceous, stiff, stem ones straight; 
sepals obtuse, striated, villous, shorter than corolla. 6 in. 
White. July. Caucasus. 
A. polyGonoides (Knot-grass-like). Plant procumbent; leaves 
linear, obtuse, ciliated; peduncles in twos or threes, one- 
flowered, two bracts in the middle of each ; sepals oblong- 
linear, obtuse, without nerves, hardly shorter than the corolla ; 
capsules ovate, three-valved, hardly exceeding the calyx; seeds 
rather disk-shaped, black. 6 in. Red. July. Switzerland. 
A. pubescens (downy). Plant downy ; stems spreading, branched, 
elongated ; leaves ovate, acute, footstalks short; sepals acute, 
shorter than corolla. 6 in. White. July. Archipelago. 
A. recubya (recurved). Stems tufted, simple, usually three- 
flowered ; leaves radical, crowded, awl-shaped, recurved, lean¬ 
ing rather to one side; sepals ovate-lanceolate, striated, like 
the peduncles covered with glandular hairs; petals ovate, 
longer than the sepals; capsules ovate, three-valved, shorter 
than calyx; seeds reniform, scarcely dotted. 3 in. White. 
July. Alps of Europe. 
A. saxatilis (rock). Leaves awl-shaped ; stems panicled; sepals 
ovate. 3 in. White. July. Germany. 
A. setacea (bristly). Stems much branched ; flowers panicled, 
fastigiate; leaves setaceous, in bundles, ciliated at the base, 
leaning to one side; sepals awl-shaped, acute, margins white 
and membranaceous, long as petals; capsules three-valved, 
rising above the calyx. 6 in. White. July. Erance. 
A. stricta (upright). Plant many-stemmed, erect, glabrous; 
leaves awl-shaped-linear, erect, in axillary fascicles; panicles 
few-flowered ; sepals oval-lanceolate ; petals conspicuously 
striped, much longer than calyx. 6 in. White. July. 
N. America. 
A. subulata (awl-shaped). Stems panicled, few-flowered ; leaves 
setaceous, stiff, mucronated, striated, lower ones in bundles; 
sepals lanceolate, much shorter than petals ; capsules ovate, 
scarcely longer than the calyx. 3 in. White. June. Caucasus. 
A. tethaquetra (square-stemmed). Stems straight, downy ; 
leaves ovate, keeled, recurved, edged, imbricated in four rows; 
flowers rather capitate; sepals stiff, acute, keeled, ciliated, 
nearly long as corolla; capsules ovate, truncate, six-valved, 
valves callose at apex ; seeds kidney-shaped, very rough. 6 in. 
White. August. Pyrenees. 
A. tkiflora (three-flowered). This is scarcely more than a 
variety of A. grand flora , with stems glabrous, two to four- 
flowered, aud leaves narrower and recurved. 6 in. White. 
July. S. of Europe. 
A. TTlitGiNOSA (marsh). Stem ei’ect, branched from the base; 
branches naked; leaves linear, bluntish ; peduncles twin, one- 
flowered, usually terminal, two bracts at base of each ; sepals 
lanceolate, nerveless, slightly longer than ovate petals; seeds 
kidney-shaped, orange-coloured. 3 in. White. July. Swit¬ 
zerland. 
A. VERTiciilata (whorled). Leaves awl-shaped, stiff, spinose, 
and, like the flowers, in whorls; peduncles four-flowered, rather 
capitate ; sepals linear, awl-shaped, pungent; petals lanceolate. 
6 in. White. July. Armeria. 
This is a very extensive tribe of tiny plants, many of which 
would form a neat edging round other plants in beds. They are 
also peculiarly adapted for rockwork or naked sandbanks, forming 
compact dense plants. They require a dry, very sandy loam. 
Though not showy in colour, there is a neatness both in then’ 
habit and flowers that is exceedingly pleasing. Propagated by 
Beeds and division of the plants. 
Gather the seeds when ripe, and sow them immediately on the 
open border in sifted sandy soil, covering them as slightly as 
possible. Shade from bright sunshine, and shelter from violent 
heavy rains. They will quickly germinate. As soon as the 
seedlings can be handled prick them out three or four inches apart 
in a similar soil and situation, and there let them remain till 
spring : then plant them out where they are to grow. 
Division. —Take up the plants in April, and divide them into 
moderate-sized patches ; plant them immediately in freshened 
soil. Every piece should have roots to it, and then every one is 
sure to grow. If dry weather intervene, give a good watering 
every evening till natural showers fall. T. Appleby. 
{To be continued.) 
THE SCIENCE OE GARDENING. 
{Continuedfrom p'age 336.) 
Immediately below the epidermis occurs the cellular integu¬ 
ment (otherwise known as the parenchrgma andymZp). It is a 
juicy substance; and, being the seat of colour, is analogous to 
the rete mucosum of man, which is red in the white, and black in 
the negro. The flesh of fruits is composed of it. Leaves are 
chiefly formed of a plate of it, inclosed by epidermis. In herbs, 
succulent plants, leaves and fruits, if it is destroyed, like the 
epidermis of the same, it remains unrestored; but in the case ot 
trees and shrubs, it is regenerated after each removal. In leaves 
it is generally green; in flowers and fruits of every hue. It is 
always cellular, and evidently acts a part in the secretory system 
of plants. 
The cellular tissue, says M. A. de Candolle, considered col¬ 
lectively, is a membranous tissue composed of a great number 
of cellules or cavities, closed on all sides. The froth of beer, or 
a piece of honeycomb, gives a rude but pretty accurate idea of it ; 
each wall of water or wax represents the membrane, and the place 
of the air or the honey gives the idea of the cavity or cellules. 
The walls which form the cells are of transparent membrane ; 
these easily swell up by maceration in water, and rapidly shrivel 
and become obliterated by exposure to the air; so that their 
examination requires some care. These membranes are generally 
without colour when they are properly deprived of the sap stored 
up in the cellules. 
The diameter of the cellules varies much; in general, the 
larger it is, the more the part to which it belongs has a loose 
texture, or the more rapidly it grows. Ivieser calculates that the 
largest cellules—those of the Gourd, for instance, or of the 
Balsam, under a magnifying power of 130 times their diameter, 
are from five to six millimetres ;* and that the diameter of the 
smallest, as, for example, those of the leaves of the Wallflower, 
is not, under the same magnifying power, more than one milli¬ 
metre ; so that there are 5100 cellules under a millimetre square 
of the natural size. 
The cellules, being closed on all sides, can only receive the 
sap by means of the hygroscopicity of their walls. Those which 
are round suck up the juices which surround them, and elaborate 
them in their interior; and it is thus that, by a vital process, 
they form the feculent and mucilaginous substances, and the 
resinous matter which gives them their colour. We also see these 
different substances abound in all parts of plants which are 
essentially composed of round cellules; as the parenchryma of 
the external covering of leaves and fruits.— {De Candolle's Vege¬ 
table Organography .) 
These cells are filled with clvromule , or as some chemists term 
* A millimetre is about equal to 1-26 th of an inch. It is the thousandth 
part of a metre, a French measure, which is equal to about thirty-nine 
inches English. 
