THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, November 29, 1859. 
129 
in 1852, states the information lie gained during liis visits to 
several farms where town sewage was extensively used. We 
shall not detail the processes of irrigation adopted, but give 
merely the results appearing at Craigentinney, about one mile 
and a half south-east of Edinburgh. “There are four cuttings 
of the grass in the year, and the collective weight of grass was 
stated at the extraordinary amount of 80 tons the imperial 
acre.” 
Until the year 1854 the outfall of the town sewer of Rugby 
was unavoidably carried into a stream before the mansion of 
G. R. Walker, Esq. He was advised that the most beneficial 
mode of getting rid of the nuisance was by distributing the 
sewage in pipes over his land. After visiting the farms of Mr. 
Kennedy and Mr. Telfer, at Ayr, and examining that also of 
Mr. Mechi, he made an offer, which was accepted by the town, 
for the whole of the sewerage for twenty years. When visited by 
the reporter in 1854, between 500 and 600 acres were under 
irrigation. Seven miles of pipes had been laid down, and five 
hydrants were kept constantly at work for the distribution by 
steam power. Mr. Walker stated that the nuisance was entirely 
abolished, and that he was so perfectly satisfied, that he was 
about to extend the area irrigated to about 700 acres, which 
would fully use the sewage from 700 or 800 houses. The results 
in the improved quality and increased quantity of the grass and 
the line of irrigation were perceptible at a distance, and by the 
resort of the sheep thither to feed by preference. 
Mr. 33. Webster, of Worcester, at a meeting of the Farmer’s 
Club in February, 1855, said that he knew that land irrigated 
with night soil had been trebled in value; and at the same 
meeting Mr. Chadwick quoted an instance where, by the use of 
sewage, no less than 90 tons of Cabbages had been grown on a 
Scotch acre ; and he added that there was no instance in which 
the corn crop had not been increased more than a quarter per 
acre. 
At a meeting of the Society of Arts in December, 1856, for 
the special purpose of discussing the “Utilisation of Sewage,” 
Mr. Mechi stated that he had found it beneficial to every de¬ 
scription of crop, and so effective that where it w r as applied in 
considerable quantities he had seen its effects on subsequent 
crops for three or four years. But before applying liquid 
manure to clayey soils they ought to be well drained. On 
chalky, gravelly, and sandy soils any quantity of liquid manure 
may be put with good effect, especially for those quickly-growing 
crops which consiuuo large quantities of food to sustain their 
rapid growth. 
Mr. Smith, of Deanston, grew forty-three bushels of Barley 
per acre on land manured with sewage, and forty-six bushels on 
similar land manured with guano and farmyard manure, but 
the sewage cost only 10a*., and the other manures three and four 
times that sum. 
At a meeting of the Newcastle Agricultural Society in April, 
1857, Mr. J. D. Ferguson stated that at the town of Mansfield, 
having 10,000 or 12,000 inhabitants, very extensive experiments 
had been made with sew T age by the Duke of Portland, and the 
results were astounding : so much so, that land in that neighbour¬ 
hood which, at one time, would not let for more than five or six 
shillings per acre yearly, now let at from twelve to fourteen 
pounds , in consequence of the sewage being diverted over the 
grass lands !—J. 
(To he continued.') 
THE VINES AT STOCKWOOD. 
Ip our old friend Mr. Rattray had not rushed to a conclusion 
without a premise, he might have saved himself the trouble of 
defending the practice of Mr. Busby, which no one called in 
question. Even if in the hurry of writing, when there is no 
time to study and balance very nice distinctions of words, a slip 
should have taken place, it is a practice among friends to give 
the erring party an opportunity of correcting the error himself 
before at once conveying certain inuendos in print. Mr. Busby 
having removed from Stookwood, I might have described the 
place without alluding at all to the former gardener—a practice 
which I have always adhered to in describing other places, but 
which I broke through in the case of Stockwood, chiefly because 
Mr. Busby and I bail lived so long on somewhat confidential 
neighbourly terms, as frequent allusions in The Cottage Gar¬ 
dener sufficiently attest; and also because the improvements in 
the place had been conducted under his superintendence. If any 
one can find in that description what is opposed to a genial, 
kind feeling, they will find what I never intended to evince; as, 
in my opinion, descriptions of places should be 30 written that, 
if they do not do good, they at least shall do no harm. 
Now to the complaint that I said, and that Mr. Peacock 
thought, the Vines were planted too deep. I never said anything 
of the kind. The words are,—“Mr. Busby, though growing 
fine crops, thought the leaves were too large; and Mr. Peacock 
also thought the roots were too deep.” Mr. Rattray evidently 
comes to the conclusion that having roots too deep and planting 
too deep are one and the same thing. But he thoroughly knows 
better. He is well aware that if no particular means are taken to 
prevent the roots getting down they will get down, however 
shallow you plant them at first. Does he know of no cases in 
which some of the best gardeners of the day, after planting 
shallowly in a well-drained border, have lifted their Vines after 
five or six years and found the principal feeding roots far beyond 
any atmospheric influence? I believe that such a result so far 
took place at Stockwood. Mr. Busby expressed that conviction 
to me and also to others several times; and if he thought it 
worth his while would, I am sure, confirm the statement. The 
last conversation we had on the subject was not long after the 
fruit exhibition in St. James’s Hall, previously to the sending out 
of the Golden Hamburgh by Mr. Veitch. The Golden Hamburgh 
then exhibited was seen by hundreds, if not thousands; and, 
though showing its good properties, was far from equalling the 
splendid specimens exhibited, so far as I recollect, two years 
previously : but the time is a matter of little moment. Mr. 
Busby told me that numbers of gardeners said to him that he 
must have allowed the Vines to get too weak ; and as he pointed 
to the strong wood and parasol-like leaves he said, “ It is all 
they know about it—it is quite the reverse.” 
From these and other remarks made in a neighbourly spirit, 1 
have not a doubt that, had Mr. Busby remained at Stockwood, 
he would havo raised and elevated the roots of those Vines which 
he planted at first so shallow.—R. Fish. 
FRUITS ADAPTED TO THE VARIOUS 
LOCALITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN. 
(Continued from, page 117.) 
PEARS. 
Hampden’s Bergamot (Belle d’Aoiit; Belle de 
Bruxelles ; Belle sans Epines ; Bergamotte d’Ete Grosse ; 
Bergcimotte dcPaysans; Ellanrioch; Fanfareau; Fingals; 
Great Bergamot; Longueville; Scotch Bergamot ).— 
Fruit above medium size, abrupt pyriform. Skin smooth, 
of a fine clear lemon yellow, strewed with dots and flakes 
of thin pale brown russet, and with a tinge of bright red 
on the side next the sun. Eye rather small, set in an 
uneven shallow basin. Stalk an inch long, inserted with¬ 
out depression. Flesh pure white, tender, melting, and 
juicy, sweet, and with a high aroma. 
A fine showy and excellent early pear, ripe in the 
middle and end of August, but soon decays at the core. 
Hardenpont d’Hiver. See Glou Morceau. 
Hardenpont de Printemps. Sec Bcurre de Ranee. 
Harvest Pear. See Ami-re Joannct. 
Hazel. See llcssle. 
Heliote Dundas (Rousselet Jamain). —Fruit medium 
sized, pyriform, even, and regularly formed. Skin smooth 
and somewhat shining, lemon yellow, with a brilliant red 
cheek, dotted with large dark-red specks. Eye small, 
aud deeply set. Stalk upwards of an inch long. Flesh 
white, half-buttery, and not very juicy; very sweet, 
piquant, and perfumed. Ripe in October, and soon rots 
at the core. 
Henri Capron. —Fruit medium sized, egg-shaped. 
Skin pale yellow, mottled with pale brown, sprinkled 
with flakes and dots of delicate russet. Eye nearly 
closed. Stalk three quarters of an inch long, stout. 
Flesh yellowish-white, buttery, and highly aromatic. 
Ripe in October and November. 
Henri Quatre. See Henry the Fourth. 
Henriette Bouvier. — Fruit about medium size, 
