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COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION.— October 21,1850. 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND 
thickest layers of wood are formed in front of the branch : 
the wound is, in fact, longer in healing over where this 
depends on the convergence of thin layers than win-re they 
are thick; consequently, a wound in front is sooner healed 
over than one at the back. 
For pruning wood under two years of age, the instrument 
called a Secateur is chiefly employed and this 1 saw plied 
with great dexterity. For summer pruning, and shortening 
one-year old shoots, it is far preferable to Hie knife, par¬ 
ticularly in the case of the Peach-tree, where the part left 
is, at the next pruning, entirely cut away. 1 n cutting close 
to the main branch, it is necessary to use the knife. If 
secateurs could be obtained as well made as those I saw in 
use I am certain they would he much more employed in 
this country. 
The borders for the reach-trees are prepared to the dis¬ 
tance of 5 or 0 feet from the wall by trenching 2 feet deep, mix¬ 
ing the soil well with manure. The trees are planted 0 inches 
from tire wall. In many of the enclosures the rest of the 
ground is occupied with Vines. In summer the labour of 
watering must be. very great. The Almond is much em¬ 
ployed ns stocks for the trees. 
Although the soil is not rich, yet the trees are vigorous 
enough, with the little manure that is occasionally forked 
into the borders when the trees come to hear heavy crops. 
The cultivators attend well in summer to the equal dis¬ 
tribution of the sap; and they adopt means to prevent it 
being wasted by over-luxuriant shoots, or gourmands. To 
this, and to the shortening of the bearing-shoots to 0 or 8 
inches, is to he attributed the success which attends the 
cultivation of the Peach at Montreuil. To M. Lepere we 
were much indebted for the full details which he obligingly | 
furnished of all particulars connected with the different 
modes of cultivation.—( Horticultural Society's Journal.) 
SUMMER CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
When Chrysanthemum Hendcrsonii was sent out a few 
years ago, one of its recommendations was its early flower¬ 
ing habit, it being then the very eariiest Pompone variety ; 
and I would suggest that we still hold this sort, which com¬ 
mences blooming the first week in October, to be the earliest 
of the autumn Chrysanthemums. But during the last year 
or two a number of new varieties have been raised, which 
are of a much more precocious nature, and these might be 
very appropriately called summer Chrysanthemums, as some 
of them commence flowering in June, and even the latest of 
them are in full beauty by the end of September, just as the 
earliest of the older varieties are about to open. 
Of about thirty reputed summer flowering kinds that I 
have grown this season, we must at once deduct nearly one- 
lmlf, which have not yet bloomed, either in pots or in the 
ground, though they are now covered with buds like the 
autumn-blooming sorts. Allowing the above deduction, the 
following list comprises all that are really summer-flowering, 
so far as I can state from my own knowledge :— 
Annie Henderson ; golden yellow. 
* Andromeda ; rosy lilac. 
* Arc-en-del rosy crimson. 
* Belle d'Aoiit; orange. 
*Comtesse de la Chastnes; brownish-orange. 
Ccelino; similar to above; both dwarf. 
Fortunio; brownish crimson. 
* Homer e; reddish-brown. 
Iris ; crimson, mottled with yellow. 
Nereide; crimson brown, semi-double. 
* Orion; clear yellow. 
Prhcurieuse; orange yellow. 
Regains; orange red. 
*Sainte Flore; creamy white. 
* Scarlet Gem; brownish-red. 
Zenohie; similar to Civlino. 
Those marked thus * are tiie most desirable for their 
distinctness of colour and good habit. I must farther add, 
that as pot-plants it will be needful to cultivate these 
varieties rather differently from the usual course. I mean that 
they must he propagated, potted, &e., at an earlier period in 
the year than the autumn sorts. Profiting by past experience, 
I intend next season to have all cuttings rooted and ready 
i to pot off by the 1st of April; three weeks afterwards turn 
j them into a cold frame, and stop all shoots for tho last time ; 
I about the 10th of May repot them, and plunge in ashes in 
I the open air; and give a final shift into blooming-pots by 
the middle of June, and replace them in the same situation 
to flower. Possibly these new Chrysanthemums may he 
found very suitable for those cold parts in the north of 
England where the ordinary kinds, from their lateness, will 
scarcely open, unless against a wall, or under other favour¬ 
able circumstances of weather or situation.—E. Campbell, 
Park Street Nursery , Brighton. 
FERNS AND LYCOPODS IN A GLASS CASE. 
As one among many proofs that the able writers in Tiie 
Cottage Gardener are not often “ caught napping,” I 
ventured to follow their valuable advice in the general treat¬ 
ment of a glass case, with its miniature rockery of Ferns 
and Lycopods, which I constructed in the autumn of last 
year, and which has surpassed ray most sanguine expecta¬ 
tions; and, seeing that your readers frequently ask for in¬ 
formation on tho subject, and as my case has been uni¬ 
versally admired, and obtained an extra prize at the last 
Prescot Floral Show, perhaps a brief sketch of its structure 
may not prove unacceptable. 
The glass case enclosing the miniature rockery is circular 
in form, measuring fourteen inches in diameter, and twenty- 
four inches in height, and rests loosely upon a stand of 
white and gold. On the summit, and in the interstices of the 
rockery (seventeen inches high), I inserted, without much 
consideration, the following Ferns and Lycopods, which, 
with your instruction as to ventilation, &c., have succeeded 
admirably:— Aspleniuni flabeUiJblium, A. marinum, A. tricho- 
manes, Adianlum assimilc , A. pubescens, A. nigrum, Pteiis 
rotundifolia, Poly podium vulyare, and Lycopodium dcnlicu- 
latum, densum, umbrosum, and stoloniferum ; all which are 
flourishing vigorously, and exhibit a verdure that cannot 
fail to delight the eye that rests upon it. 
There is only ono alteration which might, perhaps, he 
effected with advantage, and that is to substitute some 
Ferns and Lycopods of amove dwarfish habit in the place 
of Pteris rotundifolia and Asplenium marinum, which ate 
rather getting the ascendency over their neighbours, and 
threatening to encroach upon their province. Still the case, 
as a whole, presents such an elegaut and lovely object, that 
I almost feel afraid to attempt any improvement; never¬ 
theless, 
“ Si quid novisti rectius iitis, 
Candidus imparti, si non, his utere mecum.” 
—Pi. P. C., Ecdeston Parsonage, Prescut. 
BEES IN SCOTLAND THIS YEAR 
I am a quiet man, living in a quiet place, and am so 
confirmed in a certain round of peaceful habits, that I 
cannot avoid thinking some person must have “ awakened 
the wrong man ” when I ’find myself so far out of my 
usual course as to attempt writing to a public journal, for 
my pen was never before used except in the service of 
mammon, in noting down items of “ filthy lucre,” or in 
adding up £. s. d. Indeed, I am convinced that nothing 
under the sun could set me writing but bee matters; and 
even this subject would not have produced such an effect 
but for the following reasons :—Up till a very recent date I 
had never seen anything particular in print having reference 
to hee-lceeping, and I might still have been in the same 
state of blissful ignorance, but I had the misfortune to 
become a subscriber for The Cottage Gardener, and, 
subsequently, in consequence of what I therein read, I 
bought a book on “ Bee-keeping.” This book I opened with 
reverence, and read with great care and attention, but all in 
vain, for 1 found nothing new, while there was much 
important matter wanting—particulars connected with 
management quite familiar to tho small community of 
apiarians of this locality, of which I consider myself no 
mean member. Now, this discovery has unhappily inflated 
my “bump” of pride not a little, and I cannot avoid 
ruminating with selfish glee on the fact, that we know these 
