448 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN’S COMPANION, Maboh 81, 1857. 
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in its way, but it is too small, and the design might be 
greatly improved. 
After an interval of nearly two months The Cottage 
! Gardener has just come to hand, and I see in it the 
j engraving of a churn, which is very similar in principle to 
I that which I noticed at Montfermeil; but the general form 
I of the latter is round, like a small barrel. There is, 
\ besides, a zinc tray underneath, in which, during cold 
weather, a little hot water is put, in order to accelerate the 
formation of the butter by warming the bottom of the 
barrel. 
There is to be another grand agricultural turn out here 
next year in the same place as before, and it is not un¬ 
reasonable to suppose that the number of cattle from 
I foreign countries will be greater than ever.—P. F. TO. tr. 
PHOTOGRAPHY FOR GARDENERS. 
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(Continued from page 415.) 
We now come to the fancy process. 
RED. 
—Ten grains bichromate of potash. 
Twenty grains sulphate of copper 
One ounce distilled water . 
1 
S 
Cost. 
Os. 4d. 
g.—Twenty grains nitrate of silver in one ounce ) _ , 
distilled water .j Us - bd - 
Spread solution A over common writing paper, and let 
it dry. After exposure in the frame a faint copy is pro¬ 
duced in yellow. This must be washed over with solution 
B, when a beautiful positive red picture makes’its appearance. 
Wash well in pure water. 
LTLAC. 
Soak one of the red pictures in salt and water—this will 
cause it to fade out; then place it in the sunshine, when it 
will again appear, but of a lilac colour. 
ELUE. 
Cost. 
—A saturated solution of ammonio-citrate of ) 
iron.5 
Os. 3d. 
g.—A saturated solution of ferro-prussiate of 
potash.. 
Twenty drops of a thick solution of gum 
arabic.••. 
* 
Os. 3d. 
Prepare tbe paper on one side with solution A. When 
dry expose in frame. On its withdrawal wash over the face 
of the picture with solution B. Soak well in water. Place 
in a dark drawer until the picture appears distinctly. 
BUFF. 
Soak t’he paper in a saturated solution of bichromate of 
potash. It is then ready for the frame. When sufficiently 
intense the ground will be deep buff. Soak well in water 
until tbe yellows of the picture are changed to white, 
i Of these processes the red will be found most useful in 
copying engravings; the beue for sections of fruit or 
leaves when rapidity is desirable. I have specimens of 
each description which have remained distinct during six 
years.— Edward A. Copland. 
(To le continued.) 
TO CORRESPONDENTS. 
Flower-garden Plan (A. TV .).—Your plan is the very best we 
; have seen for a small garden ; it belongs to the class called promenade 
flower gardens. We shall have it engraved, if only to “ show up ” the 
star-and-garter style of trigonometry, so prevalent in some parts of the 
country, and Mr. Beaton, perhaps, will tell you how to plant it; but you 
ought to know that quacks only pretend to plant gardens they never saw. 
Name of Geranium (A Constant Subscriber ).—It is the pretty little 
Quercifolium superbum or coccineum. One of the perpetuals for a 
small bed. 
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Violets ( Rev . TV. C .).—We think the roots of the single Violets 
j must have been in the soil. It is possible, but not probable, that your 
! double Violets should change both their form and colour. The insect 
I which you say destroys the roots of your Peas and Radishes is the 
Julus pulchetlus, or Snake Millipede. We know of no remedy but 
strewing a little guano over the soil, or watering it with the ammoniacal 
liquor of the gas works before sowing. This might drive them away 
or kill them. 
Names of Plants (A Constant Subscriber). —Your yellow flower is 
Celsia arctvrus. We have no reason to doubt that yours is Cyclamen 
Persicum. [Young Gardener). —It is Draba verna, sometimes called 
Erophila vulgaris. 
Robinson’s Lifting Stage [C. G. Cotes). —It cannot be seen any¬ 
where at present. As soon as all arrangements are complete it will be 
advertised. 
Sowing in a Box in a Verandah. — Sow Virginian Stock and 
Nemophila insignis. The Stock will bloom first, and the Nemophila 
will come in before it is gone, and they will look nicely together. You 
might sow others in pots two months later to succeed them ; or you 
might sow Mignonette in the middle of April, and pull the others up as 
they seeded, or fill with Geraniums in June. 
Coke Fomes (J. Adams). —There was sulphur in your coke, and this 
gave off sulphurous acid fumes when burnt. This and an excess of 
carbonic acid, owing to there being no flue, destroyed the tissue of the 
Geranium leaves. We have warned our readers too often against flue¬ 
less stoves to have any pity for you. Pick the injured leaves off a few 
at a time, accordingly as you observe other leaves developed for carrying 
on the digestion of the plant. Clematis Sieboldii and Solanum jas- 
minoides are two climbers which will suit your greenhouse. 
Nutt’s Collateral Hive (A Regular Subscriber). —You are only 
taking a great deal of trouble to end in disappointment. Buy Mr. 
Taylor’s book on bees ; it will give you all the information you require, 
and 4s. thus laid out may save you ten times that expenditure. 
Peach Trees in Pots (A Learner). —Buy Mr. Rivers’s little work, 
“The Orchard House ;’’ it will give you full information. The failures 
we have noticed arise chiefly from keeping the trees too warm and giving 
them too little air. We have them this year loaded with blossom, and with 
every promise of a crop ; but we do not force; we merely protect from 
frost. We use very weak liquid manure about once in eight days. 
Rustic Work (M. W. L.). —We shall soon publish some very ex¬ 
cellent designs. Those recently published are ludicrously ugly and 
vulgar. 
Hoare’s System of Vine Pruning (S. B.).— Hoare wrote very good 
things about the Vine ; but whilst admitting this we would not turn 
knight-errant on the book’s account, supposing it required a champion. 
Your questions appear to require a regular review of that work ; but this 
would, if expedient, be out of place here. As to pruning Vines it must 
not be supposed that any particular mode will make an unfruitful Vine 
productive. In this way has the fruit question been overlaid for years, 
and all the ink in Britain will, it appears, not suffice at present to write 
down the fallacy. Some are for the long-rod system, others as firmly 
advocate the spurring system, and both are equally right according to 
circumstances. There will be no difficulty in inarching the Sweetwater 
on the cluster if you desire it. Of course inarching will expedite your 
object. It is understood that the long-rod pruning produces larger 
bunches than the spur mode. 
“Greenhouses for the Many’’ (J. Russell Smith). —A manual on 
the cultivation of plants suitable to such structures will be published 
before long. 
Netting (A Subscriber). —Netting of any kind is a very considerable 
protection, but no kind of netting is an unfailing protection to wall-tree 
blooms. It may be left on until the frosty mornings are passed. Fasten 
the upper edge of the netting to hooks along the top of the wall, and the 
lower edge of the netting to posts driven into the border about a foot 
distant from the wall. 
Climbers at Fixby Hall, near Huddersfield. —Since we pub¬ 
lished a notice of these—a notice furnished by a correspondent—we have 
been favoured with specimens of their bloom, and more beautiful speci¬ 
mens we never saw. Indeed, those of the Beaumontia grandiflora and 
the Hexacentris we never saw equalled. They are unmistakable evidence 
of the skill and care of Mr. Guthrie, the head gardener. 
Furze Seed ( Fox Hunter). —To sow an acre for forming a fox cover 
we think ten pounds of seed per acre will be sufficient. 
Annuals (A Beginner). — Tom Thumb Geraniums, Heliotropes, and 
Verbenas are multiplied by the thousands now-a-days at such a cheap 
rate, that no one wishing to possess a few dozens for the purpose of 
decorating a small flower garden need be without them. It would be a 
difficult task to say just what kinds of annuals out of the many you 
would like, as every one has notions and tastes of his own to please. 
The following are a few of the best kinds 
Ageratum Mexicanum, hha, blue, feet. 
Agrostemma cceli-rosea, ha, flesh, 1 foot. 
Amaranthus, or Love-lies-bleeding, ha, red, 1 foot. 
Bartonia aurea, ha, yellow, 1 foot. 
Brachycome Iberidifolia, hha, blue, 1 foot. 
Cacalia coccinea, hha, scarlet, lij feet. 
Calandrinia speciosa, ha, rose, 9 inches. 
Calendula pluvialis, ha, white, 9 inches. 
Calliopsis bicolor in varieties, hha, yellow, 2 feet. 
Campanula pentagona, ha, blue, 1 foot. 
Candytuft, red and white, ha, 1 foot. 
Centaurea cyanus, ha, blue, 2) feet. 
,, depressa, ha, black and red, ljfeet. 
Chryseis Californica, ha, yellow, 1 foot. 
„ alba, ha, white, 1 foot. 
Clarkia pulchella, ha, purple, 1 foot. 
„ „ alba, ha, white, 1 foot. 
,, neriiflora, ha, rose, feet. 
Collinsia bicolor, ha, pink and white, 8 inches, 
,, grandiflora, ha, purple, 8 inches.. 
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