THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, October 19, 1858. 
WEEKLY CALENDAR. 
31 
1 
Day 
| of 
|M’nth 
Day 
of 
Week. 
OCTOBER 19—25, 1858. 
Weathkr 
Barometer. 
NEAR LONI 
Thermom. 
ion in 1857. 
, Rain in 
Wmd - Inches. 
Sun 
Rises. 
Sun 
Sets. 
Moon 
R.andS. 
Moon’s 
Age. 
Clock 
afterSun 
Day of 
Year. 
19 
Tu 
Echeveria grandiflora. 
29.761—29.529 
64—39 
E. 1 .03 
32 af 6 
58 af 4 
23 af 2 
12 
14 
56 
292 
20 
W 
Erica pulchella. 
29.818—29.796 
63—51 
N.E. — 
34 
6 
56 
4 
40 3 
13 
15 
6 
293 
21 
Th 
Erica cerenthoides. 
29.743—29.647 
56—41 
N. .30 
36 
6 
54 
4 
59 4 
14 
15 
16 
294 
22 
F 
Erica acuminata. 
29.687—29.603 
51—42 
N.W. 1.90 
38 
6 
52 
4 
rises 
© 
15 
25 
295 
23 
s 
Erica aurea. 
30.081—29.852 
63—38 
S.W. | — 
39 
6 
50 
4 
45 4 
16 
15 
34 
296 
24 
Sun 
21 Sunday after Trinity. 
30.050—30.045 
62—38 
E. — 
41 
6 
48 
4 
12 5 
17 
15 
42 
297 
25 
M 
Erica exsurgens cainea. 
30.891—29.790 
60—37 
N.E. — 
43 
6 
46 
4 
52 5 
13 
15 
49 
298 
Meteorology op the Week.— At Chiswick, from ohssi'Tations during the last thirty-one years, the average highest and lowest 
temperatures of these days are 57.9° and 40.5°, respectively. The greatest heat, 72', occurred on the 21st, in 182(3; and the lowest cold, 20*, 
on the 21st, in 1842. During the period 111 days were fine, and on 106 rain fell. 
GARDENING OPERATIONS FOR THE WEEK. 
KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Artichokes. —Cut down the old flowerstalks, remove 
some of the large outside leaves, and cover the roots. 
Beet. —Take up the roots carefully, and preserve them 
in sand. If the roots are broken, or cut, they bleed much. 
The leaves to be cut off at least an inch above the solid 
part of the root. 
Broccoli. —The Cape varieties, that are now heading, 
to be secured from frost. 
Lettuce.— Give air at every favourable opportunity to 
the young plants ; the Callage and other varieties, in¬ 
tended for winter use, will not need it so freely. 
Mushrooms. —The bed, made as advised last week, will 
be fit to spawn when t}ie heat has decreased to a very 
mild and moderate degree ; for the heat should be only 
sufficient to excite the spawn to extend its fibres into 
the dung and earth, and to continue some time in a 
moderately-growing warmth, that it may increase and 
promote, in a spreading manner, the production of an 
abundant crop. Some beds, after being made, will re¬ 
quire a fortnight or three weeks before the heat is suffi¬ 
ciently abated to be in a fit state to spawn. When the 
temperature has sufficiently declined, — viz., to 45° or 
50°,—put in the spawn, previously breaking the large 
lumps, or cakes, into eight or ten moderately small pieces, 
planting them into both sides and ends just within the 
surface, and knocking each firmly in its place with the 
hand. To be earthed-up, from two to three inches thick, 
with the hand, and well pressed, smoothing it a little with 
the back of a spade, then covering with dry straw, from 
eight inches to a foot thick. 
Parsnips. —They keep best when left in the ground. 
Rhubarb and Sea-kale. — Clear away the decayed 
leaves, and cover the roots with any short litter, or 
old tan. 
Scorzonera and Salsafy. —Take up the roots with 
care, and preserve them in sand. 
FRUIT GARDEN. 
Cherries and Plums. —Plant, as their leaves have 
generally fallen, in consequence of the late frequent occur¬ 
rence of frosty nights. 
Currants and Gooseberries. —Make fresh plantations 
where required, and propagate by cuttings. 
Fruit Trees. —When planting, spread the roots out 
carefully, and work the soil between them with the hand ; 
never shake the tree up and down, as it disarranges the 
roots ; for when drawn up they seldom or never return 
to their former position, but are more likely to bend when 
pressed down. Root-prune where the trees are growing 
very luxuriantly, or take them entirely up, and replant 
them. 
Fruit Room.— Gather all remaining Pears and Apples 
forthwith, if unripe ; also Quinces, Medlars, Walnuts, &c.; 
they will receive no benefit out of doors after this period. 
Allow a free circulation of air. 
FLOWER GARDEN. 
After the fine rains we have lately had, it is advisable 
No. 525. Vol. XXI. 
to proceed diligently with all alterations in the pleasure 
ground and flower garden, as there is a nice genial warmth 
in the ground to excite the roots of trees and shrubs, 
when planted now, to establish themselves before the 
severity of winter sets in. After the removal of summer¬ 
flowering plants, or where the frost has seriously damaged 
or destroyed them, a fresh and cheerful appearance may 
be given to the flower-beds by introducing a supply of 
small, neat plants of the hardy evergreen shrubs,— 
viz., Aucubas, Arbor Vitce, Herberts, Euonymus, Hollies, 
Laurels, Laurestinuses, Pinuses, Rhododendrons, &c. By 
disposing the various tints of dark, light green, and varie¬ 
gated foliage, in separate or mixed beds, with an eye to 
the different modifications of conical and globular-formed 
heads, a very pleasing variety would be produced when 
seen from the window, even in winter. 
Auriculas, Carnations, &c., kept in pots, in cold 
frames, to be carefully watered. The soil should neither 
be allowed to get thoroughly dry nor too wet; a medium 
state of moisture is that which should be aimed at during 
the winter. 
Bulbs. —Plant of every description, intended for beds 
or borders, before the ground becomes saturated with 
wet. 
Pansies, Polyanthuses, in frames, or in the open 
ground, to be carefully watched, against the depredations 
of slugs, which, soon, if neglected, work great havoc. 
Routine. —Protect all plants that will not stand the 
severity of the winter. Keep the lawn neatly mown at 
this season, to ensure a close green carpet next summer. 
Sweep gravel-walks frequently, to prevent leaves from 
staining the gravel. 
Tulips. —The best beds to be prepared, if not done as 
advised a fortnight ago, and dug twelve or fifteen inches 
deep ; to be raised with a curvature six inches above the 
alleys ; the bulbs to be planted in drills, across the beds, 
six inches apart, and covered two inches deep with light 
sandy loam. Replace a portion of the old soil with well- 
decomposed turfy and sandy loam, if Tulips had been 
planted in the same beds last year. "William Keane. 
STUD HOUSE—PRUNING YOUNG FRUIT 
TREES—PACKING FRUIT. 
To go on a gardening visit to Hampton Court, and not 
see the Stud House, now in the occupation of the Marquis 
of Breadalbane, would be like going to London to see the 
sights and missing Westminster Abbey. 
Although the Marquis has not been there this summer, 
the place has been kept, all along, just as if the family 
were at home in the Stud House, which care is the best 
policy in such cases. Many are of opinion that it is a 
saving to let their gardens get behind when they are not 
there themselves; but, unless the neglect is done in a 
proper way, and for a period of more than one year, de¬ 
pend upon it, the attempt thus to save is a piece of ex¬ 
travagance, for which somebody must pay. The whole of 
a kitchen garden might be laid down in grass up to the 
walls, and no harm be done, but the contrary. If wall 
