122 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY’ GENTLEMAN, November 23, 1858. 
little wood, should be immediately lifted, the soil taken out a 
yard square, and fresh loam, mixed with some well-decomposed 
dung, put in its place, and the tree replanted immediately, well 
staked aud mulched. If the trees grow very luxuriantly, and do 
not flower freely, lift such also, and prune their roots rather se¬ 
verely. This root pruning will act upon the Rose exactly the 
same' as ou a too luxuriant fruit tree—that is, it will bring it into 
bearing blossoms, the great object for which the Rose trees are i 
grown. In such luxuriant-growing trees, the addition of fresh 
rich soil should be avoided, till the trees are tamed of their 
rampant growth. 
Pruning. —At this time of the year, the only pruning neces¬ 
sary will be to shorten very long, rambling shoots, and to cut 
away any dead wood there may be in any of the bushes. The 
borders should be manured and dug over, and all made neat and 
tidy. The Tea-scented and China varieties should be protected 
from severe frosts. The dwarf varieties may be sheltered with 
the fronds of the common Brake or Fern, or even with branches 
of the Spruce Fir. All pot Roses intended for forcing should be 
potted immediately and placed under shelter, and sets brought 
into a gentle heat in succession. Climbing Roses may be pruned 
in, and nailed, any time from now till February: pillar Roses 
should also be pruned, leaving the long shoots fully two-thirds of 
their length, and cutting out all small spray. Walls covered 
with Roses are, when well managed, exceedingly beautiful: but 
in such a situation the soil becomes exhausted, when it ought to 
be renewed, as much as possible without injuring the roots. Two 
or three good soakings of liquid manure would be of great 
service, especially in dry situations; 
Having given these few brief cultural remarks, I will proceed 
to give the lists alluded to above :— 
New Roses —1858. 
HYBRID PERPETUALS. 
Able Feytell. Deep rose, shaded with lilac; globular, very 
large, and full. 
Duke of Cambridge. Bright, vivid rose. A great improve¬ 
ment on Madame Fermion. 
Eveque de Nimes. Deep, vivid crimson. The petals are dis¬ 
posed in the form of a rosette, which gives it a very unique ap¬ 
pearance. This Rose is most decidedly the gem of the season. 
Gloire de Lyon. Rich, velvety, purplish crimson, intensely 
dark, in the way of Arthur de Sansalles. It is, however, thought 
to be superior to that excellent variety. 
La Belle Egame , or Madame Damet. Rosy lilac, beautifully 
cupped. A neat, pleasing variety. 
Louise d’ Autriche. Light crimson. A large, showy rose. 
Madame de Hesse. Pink, with rosy centre, in the way of 
Madame Knorr. 
Madame Vigneron. Pale pink, large, and very double. A 
very double and fine new Rose. 
Madame Van LLoidte. Light pink, most beautifully cupped ; 
of exquisite form. 
Marie Thierry. Deep rose, shaded ; an expanded Rose ; large, 
full centre, and very double. 
Monsieur de Montigny. Very rich, deep Rose, shaded with 
purple; large, and double. An abundant bloomer, and the 
largest Rose of the season. 
Queen of Denmark, called also Ftoile de Marie. Pale blush, 
shaded with pink ; very stiff petals ; and first-rate form, in the 
way of Madame Vidot. 
Thomas Fivers. Rosy lilac, shaded like Colonel Foissy, but 
greatly superior, being larger, with finer shaped cup, bud, and 
flower. 
BOURBON. 
Madame Comtesse. Deep flesh-colour ; finely formed. A 
seedling from Louise Odier. 
Selected Older Varieties. 
HYBRID rERPETUALS. 
Adelaide Fontaine. Deep pink ; very large. 
Cardinal Patrezzi. Deep, velvety crimson. 
Comte de Nanteuil. Deep rose. Superior to Coupe d'Hebe. 
Duchess of Norfolk. Deep, rich crimson. Fine. 
Duchess of Orleans. Deep rose. Fine form. 
Ernest Purgmann. Pink shaded. 
General Caslellane. Bright carmine. 
General Jacqueminot. Crimson scarlet. 
General Pelissier. Pale lilac. Extremely large. 
General Simpson. Bright carmine. Fine form. 
Jules Margottin. Vermilion colour. Rich, and well formed. 
La Fontaine. Light crimson expanded. 
La Ville de St. Denis. Deep rose. Large aud full. 
Lord Raglan. Crimson scarlet. Fine. 
Louise Odier. Bright pink. Vigorous habit. 
Louise Peronny. Bright pink. Very large and full. 
Madame de Cambaceres. Rose colour. Free aud constant. 
A fine roso, 
Madame Hector Jacquin. Deep rose. Large and globular. 
Madame Knorr. Deep pink, with rosy centre. 
Madame Masson. Deep crimson purple. Large and full. 
Madam Rivers. Pale flesh. Very beautiful. 
Madame Vidot. Light pink ; cupped. 
Mademoiselle Alice Leroy. Delicate pink. 
Marquis de Murat. Lilac rose. 
Paul Duprez. Crimson, tinted with violet. 
Souvenir de la Reine d’Angleterre. Bright rose colour. A 
magnificent large Rose. 
Triomphe de VExposition. Bright crimson. Very fine. 
William Griffiths. Bright lilac rose. Very good. 
I can confidently recommend all the above, as being very su¬ 
perior kinds, worthy of cultivation.—T. Appleby. 
GLEANINGS FROM THE GENUS IIELIANTHUS. 
On rising from the perusal of the Composite, in De Candolle’s 
“Prodromus,” I felt that there was not a genus more difficult to 
deal with, or less understood by botanists, than that of Helian- 
thus. Here, De Candolle has quoted from other authors almost 
verbatim. One would have thought that so famous an author 
would have put in some master-stroke of his own. He has divided 
them into — Disco atro-purpureo, Disco luteo, foliis omnibus 
oppositis, and foliis superioribus alternis; quoted from other 
authors ; and overlooked the fact, that the foliage can rarely be 
relied upon; for very often in those “ all opposite” the upper 
arc alternate, as in divaricatus, decapetalus, and several others ; 
with his other divisions of the “ upper alternate,” we may very 
often say they are the reverse. Now, there is a much surer and 
better way of dividing them. There is one thing among com¬ 
posite plants that is too often ignored, and which, of itself, will 
often form a good distinction, and that is the chaff — Palece, as it 
is termed. Among the species of the present genus, Do Candolle 
has not altogether lost sight of it: but he might have made it a 
grand characteristic, by putting one division with Paleis inlegris, 
or Paleis 3-dentalis; and, further on, the leaves ovate , or lanceolate; 
and, lastly, the stems rough or smooth. A person who understood 
the matter would say,—here is an opportunity for an able hand 
to reduce this unwieldy mass to something like shape. But one 
thing must be said, and that is, he who undertakes this should 
have almost every species growing under his eye,—an object 
not so easily attained in these days, when the cultivation of 
herbaceous plants is so much neglected. Nevertheless, I should 
not like to see, at the head of each division in the genus Hclianthus, 
a definition of four or five lines in length, but a few words plain 
and to the point. On the whole, De Candolle is not sufficiently 
concise. How different with the famous Linnams, who, generally 
speaking, constituted his divisions in few words : with him to 
make his object as clear and plain as possible in the shortest 
space was a subject of primary importance. 
Among the species of Helianthus are some of the finest ornaments 
for autumn, and why they should be so much excluded from the 
shrubbery, or flower garden, is a matter of great surprise to me, 
and not easily accounted for. As they are strong-growing plants, 
they make the best appearance at the back of the flower-border, 
or in the shrubbery, where they make a noble display, the pro¬ 
fusion of their bright yellow flowers contrasting well with the 
various shades of green on the shrubs. They are additionally 
valuable for flowering when almost all the bedding plants are over, 
and the eye then rests in agreeable relief on their bright masses of 
flowers. 
The following should be grown in every garden, as they are 
some of the best:— 
Helianthus atro-rubens .—This is a dwarf species, rarely attain¬ 
ing the height of four feet. It is a plant of loose habit, if left 
alone ; but this may be easily obviated by taking up the roots in 
spring, just when they appear, and planting them together, when 
the plant will look truly beautiful for the small trouble bestowed 
upon it. Its flowers are large and showy, with a dark purple disc. 
Helianthus angustifolius. — A rather dwarfer plant than the 
