28G 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, February 1, 1859. 
told that the Walnut-shell juice dyes woollen fabrics a permanent huff, 
without any addition. 
Eugenia Ugni Culture (An Old Friend) .— If we had fine plants of i 
Eugenia Ugni, we should prefer keeping them in a cool, airy house, under 
glass. If turned out, we should prefer a south, south-east, or south-west 
aspect for them, with a little shading from bright sun at first. Whenever 
practicable, we would root-prune young Plums and Tears in autumn, as 
soon as possible, or when the operation could be performed without in- 1 
juring the fruit. If done early, it would tell on the present coining season. J 
If done now, the growth will be arrested. But the second season must 
come (ISfiO) before the beneficial results, as to fruiting, will be seen. 
Vi very adjoining Drawing-room (71 C. ]{.). —You do not tell us 
whether your bouse is a lean-to, or a span-roof, nor anything of its size. 
If the Vines are growing strong in the raised border in front, it would 
almost be a pity to disturb them, if Vines are to form a prominent object. 
There can be no question, however, that if that border, by removing the 
Vines and its bounding wall, instead of being three feet in height, was only 
nine inches, or twelve inches, high, or even less, and formed into rough 
l'ockwork, for Mosses and Ferns, it would form a more pleasing feature 
from the drawing-room door, than it does now. We gather that the other 
side of the passage is also bounded by a brick wall of similar, or greater, 
height; but, to be seen to the best effect from the drawing-room door, the 
plants, at least at the side of the passage, should be under the eye, how¬ 
ever they may rise to the back, or the farther end. The high brick erection 
at present existing, which we suppose to be a platform of some sort, may 
be quite as well for the plants, and might show them off as well from the 
passage, or the outside of the house, but would not be so pleasing from the 
drawing-room. If there is plenty of heat from the present flue, and it 
can be got at easily, why disturb it farther, than, perhaps, to bring one 
turn of it under the Fern'and Moss bed? A low span-roofed bouse, with ; 
a low platform on each side of the central pathway, would look best in such 
a position. To render it very artistic, you might do away with a set stage, 
or platform, and place your plants in vases, or baskets. 
Ink for Zinc Labels (A. Whittington). — We have repeatedly pub¬ 
lished the recipe for this. Buy our Number 501. You will find it there. 
Perspective (O. Bourne). —As you have studied perspective, we do not 
see how we can make the subject clearer, unless by a number of diagrams, 
taken from the sister sciences of optics and perspective drawing, and then 
we might fail to give so clear an idea as the work you have been studying. 
The plan referred to in Mr. Week’s advertisement, is the one usually 
adopted. Without such mode, it would be impossible to give the front and 
gable end of a house on one flat surface, as on paper. The angle of the 
roof may be at once seen, by noting the height at front and back, and the 
slope between them. The oblique inclination of the roof, will depend on 
the position of the spectator. To throw an object into perspective, the 
point of view must be nearer one end than the other. Say, that the house 
you refer to shows its east end; if the west end were shown, you must be 
nearer that end, and to show it, the roof must slope iji the opposite 
direction. In perspective, all objects contract and rise as they recede 
from the eye, and the point of sight. In every perspective picture, there 
must be a supposed base line, a supposed boundary line parallel to it, and 
a horizontal line between, at the height of the eye of the spectator. On 
that horizontal line the point of view is fixed, in a direct line, with a per¬ 
pendicular subtended, from the centre of the base line, if the picture is 
to be taken from the centre, and just so far removed right or left as we 
wish to avail ourselves of perspective. From the base of the line opposite 
the point of sight, and the corner of the base line, two lines drawn 
diagonally will meet in the vanishing point; and in such sloping line from 
the base, objects will seem to rise as they recede from view. Place a common 
chair, on a sunny day, at a number of yards distant from the point of view, 
a little to one side,—the horizontal line higher than the top of the chair,— 
an angle of the scat of the chair being next to you, and you will find, that, 
to be thrown into perspective, not one foot would be at the same distance 
from the base line as another, and the rays from each would rise on each 
side to the vanishing point, just as the end of the hothouses referred to. 
On the same principle it is, that if you look a little obliquely at an avenue 
of trees, you will see the distance between them apparent enough at one 
end ; but at a certain distance, the avenue will terminate in a point, like 
the top of a triangle, the first near view reminding you of its base. On large 
festival occasions, you can see the tables at the near end perfectly well, 
and could recognise friends sitting there, if there happened to be such ; 
but the farther end draws to a point, and there you could perceive nothing 
but something resembling heads or bonnets. 
Diseased Camellia Leaves (Tieiclcenh am). —One leaf shows the plant has 
adh a cheek, and a burning by the sun, whilst the leaves were rather damp. 
Sometimes it is caused by the plants standing too long out in the autumn, 
and allowing the roots to be thoroughly soaked or chilled. The other leaf, 
with a withered spot, looks like a burn, through a spot on the glass, or 
the dropping of iron rust on it, and the bright sun succeeding. A spot, 
or score, in the glass roof will produce both appearances, especially the 
last. 
Using a Room for PlantGrowing (A Complete Novice).— You will find 
much in “ Window Gardening for the Many” to suit you thoroughly. Your 
room is about as good as old conservatories, with light only in front. You I 
could keep many things in the back of your room in winter; but there 
would not be sufficient light to grow them well. Large Myrtles, and evc-n 
Camellias, would stand there very well in winter, and so would Fuchsias, 
and old Scarlet Geraniums. Healthy, free growth would only be secured 
for about half the depth of the room ; but, provided the plants in front 
were not high, the aquarium and Wardian case might be placed there in 
summer. In winter they should be nearer the window. In using gas, 
be careful that there is a pipe to take it from the burner, or the plants will 
soon suffer. We noticed a large flower-vase close to the fireplace. Get it 
more in the centre of the room, if not nearer the window. Remember 
that light is even more important to growing plants, than heat. We fear 
climbers would obstruct too much light, if grown inside, especially if 
allowed to be green in winter. A Maurandya would do as well as any 
plant. 
Names of Apples (J. Jt. B., Hull). —No. 2 is Keddleston Pippin, but 
we do not know any of the others. Certain it is, that No. 1 is not Margil. 
No. 3 is very like Franklin's Golden Pippin. The baker we do not re¬ 
cognise. 
THE POULTRY OHRO$i!€LE. 
POULTRY SHOWS. 
February 3rd and 4tl\, 1859. Preston and North Lancashire. 
Sees. It. Tuebay, and If. Oakey. 
February 9th and 10th, 1859. Ulverstone. Sec., Thos. Robinson. 
February 16th and 17th, 1859. Poulton-le-Fylde. Sec., J. Butler. 
February 23rd and 24th. Bolton Poultry, Pigeon, and Canary Show. 
Secs . William Chester and Robert Greenhalgh, Bolton. Entries close 
February 17th. 
May 25th and 2Gth. Beverley. See., Francis Calvert, Surgeon, &c. 
June 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, 1859. Bath and West of England. At Barnstaple, 
Devon. Director, S. Pitman, Esq. • 
N.B.— Secretaries will oblige vs by sending early copies of their lists. 
LIVERPOOL POULTRY SHOW. 
Spanish is the first of the classes commanding our notice. 
Mr. Botham’s pen was perfect; Mrs. Hall’s took second, from 
the natural merit of the birds, and in spite of their lack of con¬ 
dition as compared with others; Miss Rake was third. The 
winners in this class may subscribe to the truth of the old adage, 
that “ Beauty unadorned, is adorned the most.” Capt. Hornby 
would not be beaten on his own ground : he won with a splendid 
pen of old birds, followed by two well-known names—Mr. 
Wakefield and the Hon. W. Vernon. All these birds were of 
the highest merit. Indeed, in all the classes it will be seen, none 
but the best birds competed, and the Liverpool Show retained its 
old reputation of the winners’ trysting place. 
We were glad to see a large entry for the Silver Grey Dorkings, 
and still more to see the Rev. John Hill the first-prize taker. 
His name is identified with the colour, and they were faultless. 
They were immediately claimed. Mr. Ruttlidge was second, and 
the Hon. W. Vernon again third. Several other pens were very 
good in all but colour. It must not be forgotten, a premium 
is here offered for feather, and any deviation is fatal; thus, 
several had white spots on the breasts of the cocks, and one had 
white in his tail. 
It was an amazing class of adult Cochin-Chinas : Mr. Tomlin¬ 
son’s victory was nevertheless an easy one. He showed the 
birds that won at Birmingham and the Crystal Palace. Mr. 
Ashton took second and third. There were four high commenda¬ 
tions ; and it would be unfair not to notice two hens shown by 
Mr. Fowler. Mr. Stretch’s birds were also very excellent. The 
Grouse and Partridge deserved eulogium ; and all these classes 
were of more than average merit. In Whites, Mr. Chase was 
obliged to give way to Mr. C j'ple. 
It is hardly necessary to say, the Golden-pencilled Hamburghs 
were most excellent: they always are at Liverpool. Mr. W. 
Worrall took first, Mr. Carter second, and the Rev. T. L. Fellowea 
third. These were probably three of the best pens ever seen. 
Mr. Archer was first and second for Silver-pencilled, although 
Mr. Sutherland showed an excellent pen, which took third. There 
was a wag at the Show, who said, on looking at the two last 
classes, that Messrs. Worrall and Archer were the two precious 
metals—one was gold, the other silver. No one will be sur¬ 
prised to hear, that, in the country of the Moonies, the Spangled 
Hamburghs were strong; and the Committee were careful to place 
all Hamburghs in good lights. Mr. Banks took first and second 
for Golden, and Mr. Ruttlidge third. In Silver, Mr. Teebay 
was first, the Rev. T. L. Fellowes second, and Mr. Pierce third. 
We have not before seen as good classes during the present 
season ; and the breeds are so well understood, that faulty pens 
do not come in to help the Judges. It is a trial of strength 
against strength. 
The same remarks hold good of the Game classes, and the 
entries for Slack-breasted lleds were large. The struggle was 
an arduous one, and ended in favour of Captain Hornby, Mr. 
G. Moss, and Mr. Arnold. There were, besides, seven high 
commendations in this class. Captain Hornby’s was a pen of 
unsual merit, but it was close run by Mr. Moss. Mr. Hindson 
was victorious for Duckwings; here, again, Mr. Moss was second, 
and Mr. Wright third. Wehave seldom seen so many true-featherecl 
birds in one class. The Whites and Piles are always the weakest 
numerically, but there is a marked improvement in the former. 
All the prize birds were good, especially the first-prize pen. 
Game Pantams were, as usual, beautiful; and an otherwise good 
pen was disqualified from one of the hens having been dubbed, 
and a single comb made from a double. It was a severe contest 
for the prizes, and ended in favour of Mr. G. Moss and Mr. 
Ashton. Four pens were highly commended, and it was hard 
