33 2 
HISTORY OF THE [book. vr. 
nish soap and candles, silk manufactures of all kinds, 
cambrics, wines, and a thousand other articles of 
Jess importance. From the United States of Ame¬ 
rica also might be obtained bar and pig-iron, salted 
beef and pork, salted and pickled fish, train and 
spermaceti oil, and some few manufactures, as bea¬ 
ver hats, and spermaceti candles, &c.* All these 
are articles of vast consumption, and are now sup¬ 
plied exclusively by Great Britain and her depen¬ 
dencies to an immense amount, and in British ves¬ 
sels only ; and so rigidly have the laws of navigation 
been enforced by the mother-country, that not only 
the convenience and necessities of the colonies have 
given way to them, but a dreadful sacrifice has even 
been made to the system, of the lives of 15,000 of 
their miserable negroes, as the reader has elsewhere 
been informed! 
On the same principle, to increase the shipping 
and naval power of the mother-country, the colonists 
are not permitted, even in time of war, to avail 
themselves of the cheapness and security of neu¬ 
tral bottoms, in sending their produce to the British 
market. By this second monopoly. Great Britain 
has secured to herself a preference of the whole 
world in the sale of their staple commodities, and is 
thus rendered independent of those nations from 
whom she was formerly supplied, (as the Portu¬ 
guese for instance, who had the original monopoly 
-j- The export of salted beef and pork from the United States of 
America in 1791 was 66,000 barrels. The medium price of the pork 
was 37s. sterling the barrel; of the beef 2SS. 
