328 HISTORY OF THE [book iv. 
It is admitted on all hands, that the men slaves 
are secured in irons when they first come on board; 
but Sir George Young, a captain in the royal navy, 
who appears to be well acquainted with the trade 
in all its branches, is of opinion, that this is not 
practised more than necessity requires. The mode 
is, by fastening every two men together, the right 
ankie of one being locked, by means of a small 
iron fetter, to the left of the other; and if marks 
of a turbulent disposition appear, an additional fet¬ 
ter is put on their wrists. On the passage, when 
danger is no longer apprehended, these irons are 
commonly taken off; and women and young people 
are exempt from them from the beginning.* They 
are lodged between decks, on clean boards, the 
men dnd women being separated from each other 
by bulk heads; and fresh air is admitted by means 
of windsails or ventilators. Covering of any kind, 
as well from the warmth of the climate as from the 
constant practice of going naked, would be insup¬ 
portable to them. Every morning, if the weather 
permits, they are brought upon deck, and allowed 
to continue there until the evening. Their apart¬ 
ments, in the mean time, are washed, scraped, fu¬ 
migated, and sprinkled with vinegar. The first 
attention paid to them in the morning, is to supply 
them with water to wash their hands and faces, 
after which they are provided with their morning 
meal: this, according to the country from whence 
* The bulk of the cargo is generally young people from sixteen 
years of age to thirty.—The lower size four feet. 
