THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, June 15, 1858 
164 
done in that petty, timid manner hinted at by a contemporary. 
There must be a ring of bark perfectly removed; the 
cuts being made boldly down to the very young wood, or 
alburnum, and every particle of bark, inner and outer, must 
be removed between the cuts. (See engraving.) 
This drawing represents, faithfully, the ringed part of a rod 
at the close of autumn, and shows how the removal of the 
band of bark checked the return of the sap, and how, in con¬ 
sequence, the rod above the removed band increased in size 
beyond that portion of the rod below the band. 
The effect upon the berries was, in every instance, to ad¬ 
vance their early ripening a fortnight, and to about double 
the size and weight of the berries, when compared with those 
grown on unrung branches of the same Vine. Nor was the 
colour and bloom of the homes diminished; indeed, so 
excellent were they, that we have seen them exhibited deservedly 
by the side of Grapes giown under glass, and they were sold 
in November, at Winchester, for half-a-crown a pound. 
Ringing the branches of fruit trees, to render them fruitful, 
was practised in France, and recommended there in print, 
about one century and a half since. There are various letters 
upon the subject in the early volumes of the Horticultural 
Society’s transactions, and in one of them (Vol. I., p. 107), 
published in 1808, Mr. Williams, of Pitmaston, gives full 
directions for ringing the Grape Vine. He tells the result in 
these wordsI invariably found that the fruit not only 
ripened earlier, but that the berries were considerably larger 
than usual, and more highly flavoured.”—E d.] 
I HARDY PLANTS, BLOOMING OUT OF DOORS 
IN MAY, IN THE ROYAL GARDENS, 
KEW. 
Ranunculacee. —Trollius Asiaticus, T. Europseus, T.Cau- 
casicus; Pseonia arietina, P. arietina Oxoniensis, P. Davurica, 
P. tenuifolia, P. officinalis, P. officinalis rosea, P. officinalis 
albicans, P. officinalis atro-rubens, P. corallina, P. peregrina; 
Aquilegia Willdenovii, A. vulgaris, A. vulgaris pleno, A. Ge- 
blerii, A. Pyrenaica, A. glandulosa ; Anemone Pennsylvania. 
Crucifeee. —Linaria rediviva ; Cardamino maerophylla; 
; Draba lasiophylla. 
Resedacee. —Reseda alba. 
CiSTAC’EiE.—Heliantliemum polifolium, H. ledifolium. 
Violacee. — Viola striata, V. cucullata, V. lutea, V. 
montana. 
Caryophyllacee. —Cerastium Biebersteinii, C. arvensi. 
C. incarnum, C. tomentosum, C. rupestre, C. strictum, C. 
campanulatum, C. Alpinum, C. Pennsylvanicum; Stellaria 
Holostea ; Silene maritima; Lychnis diurna-plena. 
Linacee. —Linum Sibericum. 
Geraniacee. —Geranium aconitifolia, G. aconitifolia-plena, 
G. Phaium, G. refiexum, G. sylvatieum, G. nodosum, G. 
Mexicanum, G. Lancastriense. 
Trofeolacee. — Limnanthes Douglassii, L. Douglassii 
alba. 
Rutacee. —Dictamnus fraxinella. 
Leguminosee. —Orobus luteus, O. luteus occidentalis, O. 
tuberosus tenuifolius, O. hevigatus, O. canescens; Lathyrus 
rotundifolius; Lupinus Nootkatensis, L. tomentosus, L. 
Moritzianus, L. versicolor, L. rivularis, L. polypliyllus; Tri- 
! fohum incarnatum; Thermopsis fabacea, T. lanceolata ; Bap- 
tisia leucoplisea; Vieia sepia, V. sepia alba, V. hirta, 
V. onobr^cliioides; Tetragonolobus siliquosa; Cercis sili- 
quastrum ; Robinia hispida; Astragalus purpureus; Genista 
I virgata; Cytisus albus, C. laburnum, C. laburnum Adami, 
C. purpureus, C. sessilifolius; Caragana pygmsea, C. grandi- 
flora. 
Rosacea:. —Rosa Banksise, R. Banksise lutea, R. micro- 
phylla ; 8pinca canescens; Potentilla maculata, P. maculata 
lirma, P. gracilis, P. umbrosa, P. grandiflora, P. alba, P. 
ochreata, P. stolonifera, P. rupestris, P. alpestris, P. lepto- 
phylla, P. Calabra, P. Ruthenica, P. Wrangilvana, P. dasy- 
antlia; Eragaria collina, E. grandiflora, E. elatior. 
PomacEjE. —Mespilus lobata; Cotoneaster microphylla; 
: Cratmgus, about fifty species and varieties. 
Saxifkagacee. — Saxifraga aizoon, S. aizoon minor, S. 
, aizoon major, S. loevis, S. exarata, S. muscoides, S. cuneifolia, 
S. purpurascens, S. marginata, S. liieraceifolia, S. Andrewsii, 
*S. Guthriana, S. umbrosa, S. punctata, S. geiun, S. hypnoides; 
Tcllima grandiflora. 
Caprifoliacee. —Weigela rosea; Lonicera involucrata. 
Rubiacee. —■ Asperula taurina, A. odorata ; Galium cau- 
datum, G. cruciatum. 
Valeri an acee. —Centranthus calcitrapa, C. ruber ; Va- 
lerianella montana, V. tuberosa ; Valeriana phu, V. asarifolia. 
Composite. —Rhaponticum nitidum; Bseria chrysostoma; 
Antliemis Swarziana, A. toinentosa. 
Ericacee. —Rhododendron Ponticum, R. Caucasicum, R. 
arboreum. 
Vaccinee. —Vacciuium Oxycoccus, V. macrocarpus. 
Apocynacee. —Vinca herbacea, V. major, V. miuor, V. 
minor purpurea. 
Polemoniacee. —Polemonium coeruleum, P. humile, P. 
Ricliardsonii; Phlox subvdata, P. frondosa. 
Boraginee. —Symphytum Tauricum, S. orientale, S. tu¬ 
berosum, S. officinale, S. asperrimum, S. Bohemicum; An- 
cliusa incarnata, A. officinale; Myosotis palustris, M. collina, 
M. sylvatica. 
Hydrophyllacee. —Neiuophila phacelioides, N. atomaria 
ccelestis, N. atomaria discoidalis; Phacelia tanacetifolia; Hy- 
dropliyllum Virginicum. 
Solanacee. —Physochlaina grandiflora. 
Scrophulariacee. —Veronica gentianoides, V. saturei- 
folia ; Nemesia floribunda; Pentstemon procerum. 
Labiate. —Nepeta Mussini; Lamium garganicum ; Ajuga 
genevensis. 
Primulacee. —Dodecatheon Meadia, D. Meadia elegans ; 
Primula auricula. 
Plumbaginacee. —Armeria vulgaris, A. vulgaris rubra, 
A. vulgaris alba, A. dianthoides, A. longiaristata, A. grami- 
nifolia. 
Iridie. —Iris Germanica, I. piuuila, I. pumila lutea, I. 
prsecox, I. furcata, I. sub-biflora, I. flavescens, I. venusta, I. 
Swertii, I. lurida, I. aphylla, I. neglecta, I. florentina, I. pallida, 
I. sulphurea, I. Nepalensis, I. striata, I. plicata, I. Sibirica, 
I. graminea, I. fragans, I. prismatica, I. flexuosa, I. notha, 
I. Guldenstadtii. 
Amaryllidee. —Pancratmn maritimum. 
IIemerocallidee.. —Hemerocallis graminea. 
Smilacee. —Polygonatum vulgare ; Streptopus lanugi- 
nosus; Smilacina stellata. 
Asphodelee. —Album sub-hirsutum, A. spicatum, A. flori- 
dum, A. angulosum, A. ursinum. 
Nympheacee.— Nymphsea alba ; Nuphar lutea. 
SECOND SWARMS. 
I had some discussion, in Mr. Loudon’s “ Gardener’s 
Magazine,” for 1839, with Dr. Dunbar, on swarming, in con¬ 
nexion with the calling of the queen bee. On referring to my 
reply, at page 606, to his previous interesting paper, at page 150, 
I find, that part of what I did say may apply, in some measure, 
to what “B. & W.” lately stated, respecting “putting first 
swarms in stock places,” to prevent second ones. Wlien 
speaking of these, Dr. Dunbar says, that “ the same progress 
goes on with the next in seniority of the royal brood, pro¬ 
vided the population be abundant; but at a shorter interval 
of time, corresponding with the interval between the laying 
of the royal eggs.” He further states, “ that the queen in 
the after swarms, hearing her rivals in their cells, attacks 
them: some of the bees prevent her efforts, and she in a rage 
goes off, taking a part of the bees with her.” This is the 
pith of what he said on second swarms. But further ex¬ 
perience only shows the truth of my reply, namely,—“ By this 
it appears that the queen leaves the hive before any of her 
rivals have come forth, which certainly is not the case, as there 
are frequently several queens in after swarms. The truth is, 
such swarms do not come off till some queens have left their 
cells, when there is a general uproar in the hive, and the lady 
paramount, assisted by her subjects, destroys those who do 
not quit the hive. The same fate happens to those who 
mingle with the swarm.” But it is difficult to know which 
are chosen ; most probably the stronger destroy the weaker. 
I need hardly observe, that frequently second and after 
swarms come "from stocks already weakened by first ones; 
