241 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, July 20, 1858. 
of the kitchen garden become so hid and disguised by the 
more prominent fruit trellises, as quite to alter the character 
of that department into that of the ornamental. I mention 
this as a precedent, and am glad to find, here and there, fruit 
arches rising over walks in gardens where never any were 
before 1837; and I would now creep one step further with 
such encouragement, and show what may be done in the field. 
The ground-plan (Fig. C.), and section (Fig. B.), drawn to 
Ground Plan of FarirqHoad and Walls, showing the tree guards. The section is taken on the line c c, and shown in Fig 
_ _ o b } the Track of the Wheels of two Carts crossing, showing the width of the road wanted. 
B; 
a 
a 
a 
a a a a, 
Trees 
Fig. C. 
a scale of one inch to twelve feet, will explain my ideas of 
road-side trees. The tree-guards are made in the wall, thereby 
acting the parts of buttresses to strengthen it, and as wind- 
guards to shelter the shrubs (m m) that are planted against 
the wall. The dotted lines show an imaginary arch, twelve 
feet high, and an imaginary fine on each side, beyond which 
the trees must not pass, as it is intended to grow them over 
the road, and not over the field. 
There is really no end to the sinful waste of fine, healthy, 
open air and good soil, that is everywhere to be seen in the 
culture of land. 1 am of opinion that the waste in farming 
is much greater than the waste that I have shown to exist in 
gardening above referred to, and that, therefore, there is the 
means of growing fruit unemployed to the extent of one-fourth 
of the land of the whole kingdom; for example, the hundreds 
of miles of railways require only as much of the earth and 
air generally as the plan and section of one of tlxeir tunnels ; 
and if the trellising of a railway were considered extravagant, 
surely the beautiful slopes could produce berries of many 
kinds : witness some already notched and planted with Straw¬ 
berries. The dusty turnpike roads, the country roads, and the 
farm roads and lanes, the idle stone w r alls, and the worse than 
idle Thorn hedgeiows, are all localities capable of producing i 
fruit. The banks of brooks and rivers, the steep stony ground, 
where ordinary tillage is impossible, the edges and gaps of 
woodland, the square miles of open moor-land and craggy- j 
mountain-land, are all capable of producing shelter for game I 
and plenty of fruit; witness the Bilberry, how it thrives when 
the Fir trees are thin on the hill-side, yet thick enough to | 
break the force of the wind. I would not dwell so much on 
the value of shelter, w r ere I not assured that, from the Vine 
to the vilest weed, no fruit, or seed, could possibly be pro¬ 
duced without the halcyon days necessary to enable the j 
blossom to perform its functions, and those days or hours 
must be serene. 
But to return to the subject of game preserves. I may now, 
in conclusion, state, that the time to try game preserves is 
when the ground is covered with snow; then the value of 
such as the Cotoneaster and the like plants will be seen, which 
produce both food and shelter; and, by the method detailed 1 
in the first part of this paper, gamekeepers and their assist¬ 
ants can now plant in summer, which is their leisure time, 
and sow game-cover ; and, in order that they may see what 
can be done in this way in a short time, I will tell them, that 
in a clump of Gorse sown here, with Broom to nurse it, the 
Broom is now more than four feet high, in eighteen months, 
and the game have taken to it for first-rate shelter. This was 
a bleak spot two years ago, and was thrown in ridges, or demi- 
dykes, similar to Fig. A. Small seeds, such as those of the 
Fuchsia, the Rhododendron, &c., must not be sowed, or 
covered, in the ordinary way that cottagers sow their garden 
seeds, or they will never grow, from being buried too deep: 
the seeds should be sowed on the smooth top of a little hillock, 
and as much straw, or moss, laid over it as shall barely hide 
the soil, and on the ends of this straw, or moss, four stones 
should be laid (as in Fig. D.); these stones keep the top of 
Fig. D. 
Stones laid round a Patch or Clump of young Rhododendrons, &c. 
the hillock moist, and shelter and guard the seedlings; and 
where Rhododendrons are planted out from seed-beds, the 
small plants should be surrounded with stones for the same 
