151 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, June 5, 18R0. 
orders that generally suffer most from (lie attacks of insects are 
Cruoiferfe, Eupliorbiace®, Gentianace®, Umbelliferoe, Salioaceie, 
and Liliacese. Finally, having arranged the herbarium, it should 
be kept in a dry place, and frequently inspected.— {The Chemist j 
and Druggist.) 
PINCHING BACK FRUIT-TREE SHOOTS. 
On some trained wall trees (Plums) now bearing their first 
crop, are strong shoots coming away from the spurs that blos¬ 
somed, the fruit forming at their base. Are these vigorous shoots 
drawing nutriment to or from the growing fruit? Should I nip 
them off now ? As a general rule, is it advantageous to nip off 
now all shoots to which the knife would be applied at the winter 
pruning, and would the trees be gainers thereby ? Would this 
rule hold good with all fruits ?— An Inquirer. 
[The pinching must be regulated by the vigour of the tree. 
In the case of vigorous shoots issuing from fruit-bearing spurs, 
they should be pinched as soon as they have made three leaves. 
Asa general rule, it is advantageous to pinch, in summer, all shoots 
to which the knife would be applied at the winter pruning, with 
the exception of the terminal or leading shoot, which should be 
left undisturbed.] 
MEETING of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
The May Meeting of the Entomological Society was very fully 
attended, and was presided over by J. W. Douglas, Esq., the 
President, who exhibited a living example of Homoeusa acuminata, 
found in a nest of Formica fuliginosa near Mickleham, and 
specimens of Clariger sktaceits from the same locality. 
Mr. Stevens exhibited a large box of Colcoptera, collected near 
Rio by Mr. U. Squire. 
Mr. Ianson exhibited Pet aria mtlecttlosa, and other Lepidoptera 
and Coleoptera, sent from Perthshire by Air. C. Turner. 
Mr. Scott exhibited a specimen of Bolitohius inclinans (Grav.), 
one of the small species of Rove Beetles ; and called attention to 
the remarkable development of the basal joint of the intermediate 
tarsi in this rare insect, which had not been noticed by any 
author who had described the species. He also exhibited a speci¬ 
men of Mycetoporus lucidus from Coombe Wood, and a singular 
variety of Flacnista gangabetla, in which the usual white farcia 
on the fore wings was wholly wanting. 
Mr. Saunders exhibited some singular galls found on roofs of 
Oak and Ash trees, but from which he had not yet. reared the 
insect; and a Beetle apparently of the genus L T rodon, which in 
the larva state inhabits one of the five cells in the seed-vessel of a 
Mesembryanthemum, the other four cells being forced together by 
the growth of the larva. Mr. Saunders also exhibited an appa¬ 
rently new species of Ilarpalus taken near Killarnev by Mr. 
Bouchard. 
Mr. Henry Cooke, of Brighton, exhibited a singular hybrid of 
the genus Ephyra, which had been obtained in the following 
manner :—Out of a number of specimens of Ephyra orlicularis 
and trilinearia which Air. Cooke had shut up in pairs, one pair 
coupled ; and the female (belonging to the latter species) laid 
eight eggs, all of which hatched, and the larvre fed readily. Some 
of the larva; were precisely like the larvse of trilinearia , and some 
precisely like those of orlicitlaria, others were intermediate be¬ 
tween the two. All fed up properly and went into pupa;, but 
only one Alotli, and that slightly crippled, made its appearance. 
This insect bore no resemblance to the mother {trilinearia). 
Indeed it seemed far more like porata and j minctaria than either of 
its parents ; and had it been taken at large it would have caused 
considerable discussion as to its real character. 
Air. Bond exhibited a specimen of Siherinthus ocellatus having 
one side of the abdomen perfectly white ; in all other respects the 
insect was of the usual colour. 
Air. Rye exhibited a specimen of Euryporus picipes taken at 
Holme Bush, near Brighton; also a fine series of Ptiiins 6 ermantis 
from Purfleet, and of Badisler peltatus taken near Boston. 
Air. Saunders communicated an extract from “Fi oebel’s Travels 
in Central America,” on species of Ants found in New Alexico, 
which form their nests exclusively of small stones of one kind of 
material, chosen by the insects from the various components of 
the sand of the steppes and desert. Thus in one place small 
imperfect crystals of red transparent garnets only were employed 
in the construction of the anthills, and any quantity of them 
could there be collected, Mr. Saunders also read an extract from 
the same author on a poisonous caterpillar found at San Antonio’ 
Air. Saunders read a paper on the genus Erateina, a singular and 
beautiful genus of tailed Aloths found in the Andes, in which six 
new species were described. 
Bart 5 of the current volume of the Society’s “ Transactions ” 
was announced ns ready for delivery. 
THE ROSE OUT OF DOORS. 
{Continued from page 134.) 
Propagation. — By Cuttings in Pots. —The best sort of cut¬ 
tings for this plan are short stubby shoots that have the bottom 
part rather woody. The right season, about the middle of June 
or the beginning of July ; and the best situation to place the 
cuttings in is either a frame or a pit on a gentle bottom heat, the 
pots plunged in coal ashes. The proper sized pots are such as 
are five inches across; and the soil a moderately light rich com¬ 
post of loam, leaf mould, or very rotten dung, with a slight 
addition of river clean sand. Fill the pots to within an inch of 
the rim, and fill up that inch with fine, clear, white sand ; and 
give a gentle watering to settle the sand firm. All these materials 
being in readiness, then select the cuttings, and cut the bottom 
clean across, and trim off all the lower leaves, leaving at least two 
at the top. Then plant them quite up to the leaves immediately 
before the bark shrivels, with a small stick pressing the earth 
close to the bottom of each cutting. Place the cuttings close to 
the side of the pot, and arrange the leaves so that they point 
inward to the centre of the pot. Give a second gentle watering; 
and as soon as the leaves are dry, place the pots in the frame or 
pit already filled so full of heating and plunging materials, that 
when the pots are plunged the cuttings will be near to the glass. 
Then shade from sun for a month; by which time the cuttings 
will have callosed, and will then bear more light and air. When 
roots are emitted, pot them off into small pots, and replace them 
in the pit, shading for a few days; then harden them off by 
degrees, and give abundance of air. When they are able to bear 
full exposure, plant them out where they are to bloom. Tender 
sorts, such as China and Tea varieties, may be repotted and kept 
in the pit through the first winter. 
Cuttings in the Open Air. —The best situation for this purpose 
is a shady border behind a wall, or closely clipped hedge. If 
the soil is light, it will only require digging and making fine. 
Prepare the cuttings the same as for pots, and as early in the 
season as the state of the wood will allow, though I have been 
successful with cuttings put in as late as September. If the soil 
is heavy, place some sand against the cuttings when planted. 
Open a trench at the end of the border, just in the same manner 
as you woidd do to plant Box-edging. Place the cuttings about 
an inch and a half asunder against the bank, and as deep as 
those in pots. Then with your spade put the earth to them, and 
press it firmly with your foot. Add more earth till you can 
chop down a second upright bank six inches from the first row 
of cuttings. Plant the second row, and so proceed till all that 
you intend to plant are finished. Cuttings that are put in early 
will be rooted in a few r weeks, and should then be taken up 
carefully, and either potted or planted out in nursery-rows in an 
open situation. Late-put-in cuttings may remain till the fol¬ 
lowing spring, when they may be taken up and planted with the 
early transplanted plants where they are to bloom. 
By Layers. —When Roses on their own roots are required in 
large quantities, the way with nurserymen is to choose a piece of 
ground especially for that purpose, and on it to plant in wide row's 
the required sorts,and then to cut off the tops close to the ground in 
Alarcli. The shoots that the Roses send up are layered in autumn. 
When the season for this operation has arrived, make a number 
of hooked pegs of sufficient length to hold the layer firmly dow n, 
then take hold of a shoot and trim off the lower leaves, if any are 
on it, and then with a sharp knife make a slit or tongue half 
way through the shoot. Put a piece of wood or a small stone in 
the slit to keep it open, and then bend the shoot down to the 
soil, a thin layer of which having been previously removed. 
When the shoot is so bent take a hooked peg and thrust it down 
into the soil, catching the shoot as it descends. Then cut off the 
top of the layer and proceed to the next shoot till all round the 
plant are layered. Afterwards cover them all with fine soil an 
inch thick, and press it firmly down. If the weather is dry give 
a good watering, and so proceed till the whole number are layered. 
They require no further care excepting weeding till the following 
autumn, when, if they are moderately reeled, they m*y be lake* 
