219 
THE COTTAGE GARDENER AND COUNTRY GENTLEMAN, July 3, 1860. 
tree this summer with all its blooms green-centred and the petals dwarfed 
as in your specimens. This Rose was more exposed, and growing on a 
poorer soil than others within three yards of it. These are trained against 
a wall facing the S.E., and on a richer soil. They have not one flower 
green-centred. 
Unfruitful Peach Trees {Idem). — Gishurst Compound would not 
injure the blossoms unless these were just opening when it was applied. 
When Peaches do not set well in a Peach-house it often is occasioned by 
not admitting air freely at the time. Wc cannot give an opinion, how¬ 
ever, without more knowledge of the circumstances. 
Pruning RnonooENBRONS and Azaleas (B. C.).— The bloom for next 
year will come on this year’s shoots, and on those only. You must, there- 
• fore, be careful not to remove too many of them, lest you spoil the bloom 
of next season. Wait till the plants have made their growth and set their 
buds before you attempt to cut them into shape. 
Grass on a Lawn ( Walton Vicarage).— It is not a grass, but a weed, 
Sagina procumbens. It is like, but will not do as y. substitute for, Spergula 
pilifera . 
Vines not Vigorous—Fuchsia Flowers Crackino—Piping Required 
(—).—Your Vine leaves have traces of mildew, and also of the webs of the 
red spider. If you resolved on keeping the Vines—and as by this time 
they must have rooted—wo would cut them down close to where they 
enter the house, and would expect a fresh shoot to do better. As you do 
not think of the money-value, our advice, however, would be to remove 
the Vines altogether, and even take away all the part of the border into 
which the roots have penetrated, and get a couple of fresh ones. Any of 
the tradesmen whose names appear in these pages, and very likely the 
nurseryman from whom you had the others, could supply you with strong 
young Vines in pots. We would prefer them not to be older than last 
season’s growth. These, if kept and grown in houses, will be several feet 
in length, and will not be far behind the others by the end of the season, 
as the weather has been so cold, proceed thus. Get two or three barrow¬ 
loads of nice light soil, consisting of loam, rotten horsedung, and lime 
rubbish, nicely heated and aerated. Keep the plants a few days inside 
the house after you receive .them to let them get over the fatigue of the 
journey; then open the place for transplanting. Get the top nicely 
secured and fastened, and then carefully extricate the roots from the ball, 
and spread them out evenly, placing them on and among the warm soil, 
and sprinkle, but not deluge, them with warm water—say at 90°. Cover 
up with the rest of the soil, and use a little more warm water ; and, to 
keep the heat in, cover the border with a spare sash, or a mat, or straw 
hurdle, removing it when the sun shines bright, and replace in the after¬ 
noons to keep the heat in. Sprinkle the top inside, and shade for a few 
days from bright sun, and the Vines will most likely grow as last as you 
would desire. This will be the most satisfactory plan to follow. Your 
mishap might take place, and yet nobody be to blame. Most likely the 
tradesman was confident he sent you a first-rate article. Sonic people are 
anxious to get old Vines in pots to plant: we cannot say that we approve 
of them. An old Vine taken up carefully out of a border is a different 
thing. If they could be had at the right time we would prefer them to 
young ones. Vines seldom improve if kept more than two years in selling- 
pots. Your Fuchsia plant has been grown quickly enough, and the 
weather has been destitute of sun. When your pot is fuller of roots, and 
you give them a little manure water then, and there is more sun, your 
blooms will open all right enough. The growth is not settled enough yet. 
The same facts will apply to Fuchsia fulgens. Many other things have 
suffered this season from similar causes. To secure 60° in winter in a 
house 21 feet by 10 feet in all weathers, you will require from 110 feet to 
120 feet of four-inch pipe at least. 
Budding Roses, &c. (D. B.). — At page 155, in our last number but one, 
you will see that the middle of July is the best time, and how to perform 
the operation; and in page 154 that now is the time for making Rose 
cuttings, and how to proceed. Seedling Strawberries raised this summer 
i will bear fruit in 1862. 
Name of Insect [I. F., Manchester).— The insect on the back of your 
j Rose leaves is the thrips. If grown under glass, the Rose trees have been 
kept in air too dry. Dust under the leaves with Scotch snuff. 
Apple-destroying Insect (J.). —The small beetle with brown wing- 
cases, and greenish-blue metallic thorax is the Anomala horticola. It 
has been very destructive of the Apples in some gardens near Winchester 
this summer. The beetles came in myriads from the downs, and not only 
ate the young Apples, but also fed upon the leaves, but more sparingly. 
They did not touch the Pears growing in the same gardens. These beetles 
have been very numerous at Oxford and elsewhere. Their habits are 
those of the common cockchafer. 
Pyrus Japonica (I. F. Cross).— The young shoots being unhealthy and 
leaves yellow show there is something wrong at the roots. In autumn 
uncover them, throw out all the old soil, and fill in all round them with 
fresh soil. 
Cutting Back unproductive Shoots of Vines (A Subscriber). —We 
should not think it judicious to do so unless under peculiar circumstances 
ji and for a particular purpose. Most likely the eye would push and make 
a weakly shoot which would be all you would gain, or rather lose by the 
operation. Did wo know more of your intentions and circumstances we 
might say more. We consider September, the latter half of it, the best 
time to remove Hollies; but we have moved them on to April suc¬ 
cessfully, and even at midsummer when extra care was used. Did we. 
have many to plant we should like to finish before November if it could 
be done. 
Names of Plants {S. TV. T.).— It is Pilca serpyllifolia. {Hubert ).—The 
plant you sent is the Jxianulloa parasitica of Sir W. J. Hooker, in Bot. 
Mag., t. 4118 ; but which Mr. Miers, who is very learned in the family, 
thinks different from the original plant of Ruiz and Pavon, and has called 
it Juanulloa Hookeriana. It has also been called Ulloaparasitica, and is 
figured in Paxton’s “Magazine of Botany,” ix. 3, under the name of 
Brugmansia floribunda. In the nurseries it is sometimes known as Brvg- 
mansia parvijlora. {C. B. Clough). —Y'our plants are Geranium pheeum, 
and a luxuriant specimen of Euphorbia amygdaloidcs, 
POULTRY AND BEE-KEEPER’S CHRONICLE. 
POULTRY SHOWS. 
July 18th and 19th. Merthyr Tydvil. See., Mr. W. H. Harris, 142, 
High Street, Merthyr. 
July 19th. Prescot. Sec., Mr. J. Beesley. Entries close July 7. 
August 22nd and 23rd. Settle (Yorkshire), lion. Secs., Revs. J. R. 
Blakiston and J. Robinson, Settle. Entries close August 1st. 
August 25th, 27th, 28th, and 29th. Crystal Palace. Summer Show of 
Poultry, Pigeons, and Rabbits. Sec., Sir. William Houghton. Entries 
close July 28th. 
September 19th, 20th, and 21st. Portsmouth. lion. Sec., Mr. E. Clarke, 
26, Wish Street, Southsea, Hants. Entries close August ID 
September 25th. Bridgnorth. Sec., Mr. Richard Taylor, Bridgnorth. 
October 9th, 10th, and 11th. Worcester, lion. Sec., Mr. G. Griffiths. 
December 3rd, 4tli, 5th, and 6th. Birmingham. Sec., Mr. John B. Lythall, 
Offices, Unity BuildiDgs, Temple Street, Birmingham, Entries close 
November 1. 
N.B .—Secretaries will oblige us by sending early copies of their lists. 
THE EGG TRADE. 
{Continued from page 203.) 
It may safely be said, that in almost all weathers fowls will 
lay at a certain age. This does not imply they all do so at the 
same age. Some breeds are more precocious than others. Thus 
Brahmas and Cochins lay at from eighteen to twenty weeks, if 
they have been well kept, and they will continue to do so. Good 
young pullets of these breeds will lay forty or fifty eggs at the 
time ot year when they are most valuable. Say, for argument’s 
sake, each lays forty, and they make 3d. each, produce 10s.; the 
pullet is eight months old, arid has cost 8 d. per month ever 
since she was hatched—cost, say, in round numbers, 6s. The 
hen may now be sold for 2s. 6 d., or Bhe may be kept to rear one 
of the broods that will form the laying stock for the next winter. 
It may be, that some may be disposed to think our descriptions 
visionary, or that we draw on imagination. It is not so. We 
will endeavour, as we often do, to give the description of that 
which may be seen in London where fowls are profitably kept, 
and where, we need scarcely add, the return can be only by eggs. 
Save at some highly-favoured spots, where the walk of the birds 
opens on a coach-stand, they have none but bought food, yet 
their eggs make a good profit for their owner. The fancy is 
still found at the watering-houses of some cab-stands in good 
streets. Thus, in Conduit Street, between Bond Street and 
Regent Street, between St. George’s Church and Burlington 
Gardens, may be seen a walk of fowls. The different Mews 
are full of them—all live by eggs. During the winter they sell at 
3d. and often 4d. each. The secret of the profit is this : Those 
who will not sell when the use of a bird is lost for a time are not 
to look for profit, because they arc following a hobby. These 
London egg-producing birds are doomed the moment they cease 
to lay. The first sound that indicates broodiness is the sentence 
of deatli; and the place will remain vacant till the late autumn, 
when some pullets will be introduced in order that they may get 
accustomed to their place before they begin to lay. A3 soon as 
it is found really new-laid eggs can bo had from these dealers, 
they are generally bespoken for days to come. It is really a 
profitable trade. It would, however, cease to be so if fancy 
were listened to, or misplaced humanity spared their lives. It is 
the fate of all food-producing animals to be weighed against their 
own produce, and whenever their consumption would equal or 
exceed their contribution they are doomed to die. They are 
not only feeding men, women, and children, with their carcases, 
but that production of food for others must be the livelihood of 
tlieir owners. Our egg-producing hens are then subject to this 
test, and he who is determined to make them profitable thus 
tries them :—“Two good hens, very good hens indeed, cost 7s. 
two months since. Have laid seventy-five eggs, sold for 25s.; cost 
3s. 6 d. keep : 14s. 6d. profit. Wo’n’t lay any more at present. 
Will make 2s. 6d. a-piece to sell. Better sell them. Increase 
profit. Wo’n’t lay any more at present; when lay again—eggs 
more plentiful, not worth as much. Sell them now, buy two 
pullets in October.” It is in vain the wife says it is too bad to 
kill the poor things, and the little daughter stipulates for the 
tame one. Nothing is more inexorable than money-making. 
Everything hut honesty falls before it. It requires no small 
firmness on the part of Paterfamilias to deny the loving requests, 
and to be deaf to the prayers of wife and daughters, when interest 
says “ kill,” and they say “ spare.” The poor man’s patience, 
