ACROSS UNKNOWN SOUTH AMERICA 
particularly, to notice to what extent erosion and volcanic 
activity had done their work. 
Another curious belief of the Bororos was worth 
remembering. They claimed that men and women did 
not come from monkeys, but that once upon a time 
monkeys were human and could speak. They lived in 
huts and slept in hammocks. 
The Bororos possessed no geographical knowledge. 
Beyond their immediate neighbourhood they knew of no 
other place, and did not in any way realize the shape or 
size of the earth. 
They called themselves Orari nogu doghe or people 
who lived where the 'pintado fish ( orari in Bororo) was 
to be found. The Bororos spoke of only three other 
tribes: the Kaiamo doghe (the Chavantes Indians), their 
bitter enemies; the Ea rai doghe — the long-legged 
people — ancient cave-dwellers, once the neighbours of 
the Bororos, but now extinct; and the Earn gi ragguddu 
doghe — a name better left untranslated—applied to a 
tribe living in grottoes. 
In the way of religion the Bororos admitted five 
different heavens, in the last of which dwelt a Superior 
Being, a deity called the Mar ebb a. Marebba’s origin 
was unknown to the Bororos. All they knew was that he 
had a mother and a powerful son. Marebba only looked 
after the men, but he was so occupied that when the barihs, 
through whose mediation it was possible to communicate 
with him, wished to be heard, they had to shout at the 
top of their voices in order to attract his attention. Only 
the higher barihs could communicate with him, the lower 
barihs being merely permitted to communicate with his 
son. 
They also believed in the existence of a bad god, an 
evil spirit called Boppe. Boppe inhabited the mountains, 
the tree-tops and the “ red heaven.” There were many 
boppe, male and female, and to them were due all the 
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