498 
ACTINOPTERYGir. 
extended as articulated dorsal; anal 
usually with 1. to 3, rarely with 5 to 7 
spines. 
As Percidae, but only marginal cutting- 
teeth, and anal with 6 or 7 spines .... 
As Percid 80 , but marginal teeth prehensile or 
cutting and molariform . 
Teeth conical and only marginal; spinous 
dorsal much less extended than articu¬ 
lated dorsal, which is longer than anal; 
anal with 1 or 2 spines. 
II. Lower pharyngeal bones fused together 
[Pharyngognathi). 
N ostril double on each side ; vertebrae with¬ 
out transverse processes . 
Nostril single on each side; most abdominal 
vertebrae with transverse processes.... 
Percid^ (p. 498). 
Teuthidid^ (p. 523). 
Sparid^ (p. 524). 
Sclenid^ (p. 538). 
Labrid.® (p. 539). 
OHROMIDiE (p. 554). 
Family PERCID^. 
Teeth small and conical, usually extending over inner bones of 
mouth; preoperculum serrated. Lower pharyngeal bones nearly 
always separate. Spinous portion of dorsal fin usually at least as 
much extended as articulated portion; anal fin usually with 1 
to 3, rarely 5 to 7 spines, nearly equal and opposite to the hinder 
dorsal fin. 
Marine and freshwater fishes universally distributed in temperate 
and tropical regions. 
For figures of skulls and notes on the osteology of the Percidm, 
see G. A. Bouleuger, Catalogue of the Perciform Fishes in the 
British Museum, ed. 2, vol. i. (1895). 
Synojpsis of Extinct Genera and Genera represented hy Extinct 
Species in the Collection. 
I. Three anal fin-spines. 
Vertebras 10 -j- 14; dorsal fin continuous, 
the two parts nearly equal; caudal 
rounded. Prelates (p. 499). 
Vertebrae 10 13; dorsal fin continuous, 
hinder part comparatively small; 
caudal slightly forked. Acanus (p. 500). 
Vertebrae 12 + 13; spine at angle of pre¬ 
operculum ; one spine at hinder edge of 
operculum; two dorsal fins; caudal 
rounded or slightly forked . Lates (p. 502). 
