538 
ACTING PTEKrGir. 
(1839-44), p. 215, pi. Ixxiii. figs. 20, 21.—Form, and loc. 
unknown. 
Sj^lmrodus parvus, L. Agassiz, op. cit. yoI. ii. pt. ii. (1839-44), 
p. 213, pi. Ixxiii. figs. 11-18.—Oligoceue; Cassel and 
Weinlieim. 
Sphoerodus truncatus, L. Agassiz, op. cit. vol. ii. pt. ii. (1839-44), 
p. 215, pi. Ixxiii. fig. 19.—Oligocene; Osnabriick. 
Splioerodus ivieclimanni, T. C. Winkler, Archiv Yereins Fr. Yatur- 
gesch. Mecklenburg, vol. xxix. (1875), p. 121, p]. iii. 
figs. 13-16. —Upper Oligocene; Sternberg, Mecklenburg. 
Otoliths from the Oligocene of Germany have been referred to 
undetermined genera of this family under the names of OtoUthus 
{Sparidarum) (jregarlfhs and 0. (S.) soellmgensis (E. Koken, Zeitschr. 
deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. xxxvi. 1884, p. 556, pi. xii. fig. 11, and 
loc. cit. vol. xliii. 1891, pp. 128, 144, pi. vii. figs. 7, 8). Another 
form from the Lower Tertiary of the Jackson Eiver, Mississippi, 
is named 0. (G.) insuetus (E. Koken, loc. cit. vol. xl. 1888, p. 280, 
pi. xvii. fig. 9). 
/Ac/. i- Family SCItENID/E. 
Head-bones more or less hollowed for well-developed slime-canal 
system; teeth conical and only on margin of jaws ; lower 
pharyngeal bones usually separate. Spinous portion of dorsal fin 
much less extended than articulated portion ; anal fin short-based, 
with 1 or 2 spines. 
Littoral fishes of tropical and sub-tropical regions, sometimes 
entering freshwaters. Kot satisfactorily known among fossils, but 
supposed to be represented by the following extinct species, of 
which there are no remains in the Collection:— 
Pogonias multidentatus, H Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, 
vol. xii. (1869^ p. 310.—Miocene; Westmoreland Co,, 
Virginia. [Uj^er pharyngeal.] 
pecchiolii, 11. Lawley, Nuovi Studi Pesci, etc. CoUiue 
Toscane (1876), p. 78, pi. v. fig. 5.—Lower Pliocene; 
Tuscany. [Otoliths and teeth.] 
OtoUthus {Scicenidarum) clayhoniensis, decipiens, eporrectus, 
‘ ^ gemma, intemnedius, radians, and similis, E. Kokei], 
Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. Ges. vol. xl. (1888), pp. 280-286, 
pi. xviii. figs. 16, 17, pi. xix. figs. 1-11, 13, 14.—Lower 
Tertiary ; Alabama and Mississippi. [Otoliths.] 
sf^. Cj, 
, Srx. i 
'Tirt. ycyc \/; (/a fo)^ 
/»/, XV//(4 
Jd- X / ^ . , 3' —Zi 
