rAL^EOXTSCID^:. 
471 
1844. Pygopterus sculptus, L. Agassiz, ibid. p. 77. 
1850. Pygopterus mandibular is, Sir P. Egerton, in W. King’s Permian 
Fossils (Pal. Soc.), p. 232, pi. xxiii. 
1855. Pygopterus mandibularis, F. M‘Coy, Brit. Palaeoz. Foss. p. 608. 
1861. Pygopterus humboldti , IP. B. Geinitz, Dyas, p. 11, pi. xxiii. fig. 2 
{non pi. viii. figs. 1-3). 
1861. Pygopterus mandibularis, H. B. Geinitz, ibid. p. 12. 
1877. Pygopterus humboldtii, B. PI. Traquair, Quart, Jonrn. Geol. Soe. 
yoI. xxxiii. p. 574. 
1877. Pygopterus mandibularis , B, PI. Traquair, ibid. p. 575. 
Type. Imperfect fish. 
The type species, attaining a length of about 0*6. Maximum 
depth of trunk contained about six times in the total length. Head 
and opercular apparatus occupying little more than one-fifth of the 
total length; large teeth much elongated, slender, the enamelled 
crown fixed upon a very broad, prominent base, with few vertical 
folds : ornamentation of cranial, facial, and opercular bones very 
fine. Pelvic fins about half as large as the pectorals, arising half¬ 
way between the latter and the anal; dorsal fin about half as long 
as the anal, equally elevated, and arising slightly in advance of the 
latter ; length of anal fin about one-sixth of the total length of the 
fish. Scales of flank having the antero-superior angle produced 
upwards ; all scales smooth, except towards the dorsal margin, where 
they are crossed by few, large, transverse ridges, more or less parallel 
and often oblique. 
Form, Log. Upper Permian (Kupferschiefer): Germany. 
Upper Permian (Marl Slate) : Durham and Northumberland. 
(i.) Kupferschiefer. 
38589. Imperfect remains of an individual of moderate size, much 
crushed and chemically disintegrated, but displaying the 
relative proportions of the head and tail; Biechelsdorf, 
Hesse. Purchased , 1864. 
P. 833. Imperfect individual wanting the caudal fin, but displaying 
the pectorals and the greater portion of the dorsal and 
anal fins; Eisleben, Saxony. The noil-articulated cha¬ 
racter of the pectoral fin-rays is well shown, and a few 
displaced dorsal scales exhibit the ridged ornament. 
Egerton Coll. 
P. 3414. Bemains of small individual, coiled up, and wanting the 
greater portion of the abdominal region; Mansfeld, 
Thuringia. Traces of the striated ornament of the head- 
