Constitution of Hayti. 69 
maintenance of liberty, equality, and property, whenever the 
laws summon him to defend them. 
31. The punishment of death shall be confined to certain 
causes which the law shall determine. 
32. Every man has the right of expressing his opinions on 
every subject; he may write, print, and publish his thoughts. 
No control before publication can be exercised upon any 
writing whatever. 
The abuse of this right is defined and repressed by law, 
without, however, affecting the liberty of the press. 
33. All kinds of worship are equally free. 
Every one has the right of professing his religion and of 
exercising freely his worship, provided he does not disturb the 
public order. 
34. The establishment of a church or chapel, and the public 
exercise of worship, may be regulated by law. 
35. The ministers of the Catholic, Apostolic, and Roman 
religion, professed by the majority of Haytians, will receive a 
stipend fixed by law. They shall be specially protected. 
Government determines the territorial extent of the parishes to 
which they minister. 
36. Instruction is free, and schools will gradually be estab¬ 
lished to meet the wants of the people. 
37. Trial by jury is established in all criminal njatters. 
From its decision there is no appeal. 
38. The Haytians have the right of association; this right 
cannot be submitted to any precautionary measure; the right 
belonging to the public authorities, of watching and prosecuting 
any association which may propose ends contrary to public 
order, is nevertheless maintained. 
39. The right of petition is exercised personally, by one or 
several individuals, never in the name of a body. 
Petitions can be addressed either to the executive or to either 
of the two legislative chambers. 
40. The secrecy of letters is inviolable. 
