R.B. BUCHANAN SEED CO. ^ MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE. 
Apple Scab. 
Apple Blotch 
How to Spray the Home Orchard and 
Garden 
Remedies for control of insects and diseases found on pages 
76, 78 and 79. 
These pages are written to help those with a small orchard 
and garden raise better fruit, flowers and vegetables; the com¬ 
mercial grower knows how to control these diseases and insects. 
Orchard and garden pests are divided into two divisions—Insects 
and diseases. Insects are classified as chewing insects and suck¬ 
ing insects. 
The Time for First Codling 
Moth Spray 
Codling Moth or Apple Worm 
A Chewing Insect 
San Jose Adult Female Scales 
BETA-NAPTHOL BANDS — For 
controlling codling moth (the 
apple worm), apply about May 1 
in Memphis area. Rolls 125 
lineal feet, 4 inches wide, heavily 
treated with Beta-Napthol. 
Price — Post paid: Each, $3.25. 
Not prepaid: Each, $3.00. 
Pecan Scab on Leaves 
CHEWING INSECTS—Have mouth parts that enable them to 
bite off and chew the foliage and fruit. Such insects as the 
potato bug, apple worm and cabbage worm are examples. The 
way to control chewing insects is to poison their food, which is 
the fruit and foliage. 
SUCKING INSECTS—Are so called because they have mouth 
parts that pierce and suck the juices and sap from the leaves, 
fruit and foliage. Included in this class are scale insects, aphis 
or plant lice, red spiders, thrips, etc. These insects are controlled 
by spraying them directly with a material that paralyzes or 
suffocates them. Such products as Black Leaf 40 or Evergreen 
are used. 
FUNGUS DISEASES—A fungus disease is a condition in a plant 
that may effect fruit, leaves or bark, and is a low form of plant 
life that originates from a minute spore or seed. As the fungus 
spore or seed germinates it pushes its roots into the tissues of the 
plant and causes what is known as a fungus disease. Examples 
of fungus diseases are a form of rot on plums, peaches or cher¬ 
ries, scab spots on apples, blighted potato leaves, mildew on 
roses or grapes and curl on peaches. 
SAN JOSE SCALE (a sucking insect)—The most common class 
of insects that attack apples, pear and quince trees are scale 
insects. They attack nearly every kind of tree, including shade 
trees and evergreens. The most distinctive scale insect is the 
San Jose Scale. This insect attacks all parts of the tree, includ¬ 
ing the trunks, branches, leaves and fruit, and usually causes 
bright red spots on the skin of the apples. The branches and 
trunk covered with San Jose Scales have a rough, grayish 
appearance. By scraping these the soft yellowish insects can 
be seen. For scale insects and Blister Mites use a dormant spray, 
after the leaves drop in the fall and before buds swell in the 
spring, and when the temperature is above 40 degrees. Use 
Buchanan’s Oil Emulsion, diluted 2 gallons to 48 gallons of 
water, or concentrated lime sulphur solution, 6 gallons to 44 
gallons of water, or use 15 pounds dry lime sulphur to 50 
gallons of water. 
CODLING MOTH OR APPLE WORM (a chewing insect)—This 
insect hibernates as a pinkish white worm in cocoons under the 
bark of trunk or branches. The worm transforms itself into a 
moth which emerges about blossom time and lays eggs on the 
fruit and foliage. The eggs hatch about 3 or 4 weeks after the 
fall of petals, at which time about 90% of the young worms 
enter the apples at the calyx or blossom end. It is very impor¬ 
tant that the calyx spray is applied at the right time. This is 
between 7 and 10 days before the calyx closes, according to 
the weather. 
CURCULIO (a chewing insect)—The adult Curculio is a grayish 
black humped-back snout beetle about one-quarter inch long. 
It attacks the fruit by making a crescent-shape cut in the skins 
of the fruit in which the egg is laid. From this egg hatches a 
small white worm which feeds on the inside of the fruit. 
HOW TO CONTROL INSECTS AND DISEASES OF PECANS 
—The Obscure Scale—Has become a serious pest on cultivated 
pecans, especially in the Gulf Coast region, and is gradually 
being spread throughout the pecan growing area of the United 
States. Scab—A fungus is by far the most destructive disease 
pecan growers have to contend with, and is increasing in serious¬ 
ness from year to year. The disease may attack the nuts, twigs 
and leaves. It is first noticed in early spring. Dormant Spray— 
For Scale Insects. While trees are completely dormant, spray 
with Buchanan’s Oil Emulsion at the rate of 5 gallons to 45 gal¬ 
lons of water. First Summer Spray for Scab, Case Worm, Cater¬ 
pillar, Leaf Spot and Aphids—Apply just after fruit has set. Use 
prepared Bordeaux at rate of 8 pounds to 50 gallons water, 2 
pounds hydrated lime and IV 2 pounds Arsenate of Lead. Add to 
this Vz pint Black Leaf 40. In most cases pecans should be sprayed 
three more times during summer at intervals of three weeks, 
using same materials as first summer spray. 
Too Late for First Codling: 
Moth Spray 
Apple Scab 
A Fungus Disease 
Young Fruit of Peach Branch on 
Left Ready for the First Spraying 
for Curculio. Branch on Right Too 
Early for Effective Spraying. 
Pecan Scab on a Twig and a Nut 
(Page 72) 
