308 
MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES. 
PAPIL10N1DJE. 
WMtelings, Yellows, Swallowtails. 
We now arrive at a large group of butterflies having six well- 
developed legs, and where the chrysalis is attached to its support, 
not only at the extremity of the abdomen but by a thin line or 
thread of silk passing round the middle of the body, which, except 
in the genus Ornithoptera , usually holds it in a horizontal position 
instead of its being suspended in a perpendicular position, head 
downward, as in the Nymphalidce. The larva is long, usually 
tapering toward the anal extremity, frequently ornamented with 
brilliant colors, and in the genera of Ornithoptera and Papilio 
is provided with a protective scent organ placed at the back of 
the head which can be protruded at the pleasure of the animal. 
This organ is forked and is usually extended when the insect is 
irritated. 
To this group of butterflies belong many of the largest and most 
grandly colored Lepidopterous insects of the world. It comprises 
the magnificent butterflies belonging to the genus Ornithoptera , 
specimens of which frequently expand seven or eight inches between 
the tips of their velvety wings, and the regal Papilios or swallow¬ 
tailed butterflies, wherein the lower wings are usually prolonged 
into tails at their lower extremity, and which in the coloring of 
many of the species are incomparably beautiful. It also includes 
a host of species belonging to the family Pierince , so familiar to 
every one, and having white or yellow for the principal color of 
their wings. 
To the genus Oolias belongs a large number of species of medium¬ 
sized butterflies widely distributed over the northern hemisphere. 
They are among our most common butterflies in the United States, 
and are familiar objects to every one who has an opportunity to 
see the fields and meadows in summer. Their colors are various 
shades of yellow or orange with heavy black borders to the wings in 
the males, while in the females their coloring is less sharply defined 
and not so heavy. The caterpillars are cylindrical, long, and taper 
slightly toward their posterior extremity, and are green in color, 
feeding largely on clover. Their chrysalides are pointed at the 
