Order SPHENISCIFORMES. 
No. 41. 
Family SPEENISClDAi. 
APTENODYTES FORSTERI. 
EMPEROR PENGUIN. 
(Plate 30.) 
Aptenodytes eorsteri Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII., p. 315, May 1st, 1844: 
Antarctica. S. Lat. 64° 77' (ex Ross Expedition). 
Aptenodytes forsteri Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII., p. 315, May 1st, 1844; 
Sharpe, “ Voy. Erebus and Terror,” pi. 31, 1875 ; Ogilvie-Grant, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 
Vol. XXVI., p. 626, 1898 (pref. Sept. 30th); Sharpe, Rep. Coll. Nat. Hist. “ Southern 
Cross,” pt. iv., Aves, p. 109, 1902 ; Wilson, Nat. Antarct. Exped., Vol. II., Aves, p. 1, pis. 
i-vn., 1907 ; Mathews, Handl. Birds Austr., p. 14, Jan. 1908 ; id., Syst. Av. Australas., 
p. 9,1927. 
Aftenodytes imperator Bonaparte, Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris, Vol. XLII., p. 774, April 28th, 
1856, as synonym of forsteri Gray. 
Distribution. South Pole. 
Adult male. Head, cheeks, chin and upper-part of the throat black ; general colour of the 
upper-parts bluish-grey, each feather with a bluish-white centre, a large patch of orange- 
yellow on the sides of the neck, shading gradually into the widte on the neck; sides of 
the upper-breast bordered by a deep band of black, remainder of the under-surface 
white tinged with golden-straw colour; upper-surface of flippers like the back; under¬ 
surface of the flippers white ; iris dark brown; upper mandible black; lower mandible 
rose-colour, shaded with lilac, blackish towards the tip ; feet brownish-black. Total 
length 1140 mm.: flipper 325, tail 98, middle toe and claw 107, exposed culmen 75, from 
gape to tip 115. Weight 73 lbs. Figured. Collected at Cape Royds, McMurdo Bay, 
in January. 
The sexes are alike. 
Chick about one week old. Covered with hair-like down ; down at the base of the nostrils 
continued over the top of the head, where it widens out over the ear-coverts and down the 
sides of the neck encircling the throat, black ; lores, feathers encircling the eyes, cheeks, 
throat and upper neck white ; chin black ; back of the neck black, gradually merging into 
the back, which is greyish-white like the remainder of the upper-parts ; tail black; under¬ 
surface of the body below the black gorget soiled white ; iris dark brown ; bill whitish, 
black at the base^ and tip ; feet grey. Total length in the skin 303 mm.: exposed 
culmen 18, flipper 53. Collected at Cape Crozier on the 13th of September, 1903. 
Nest. None made, the egg is held on the feet, as soon as laid, by a loose fold of abdominal skin. 
Egg. Clutch one. Covered in the first place with a thick white concretion; the colour of a 
fresh shell has a faint greenish tinge, which is found to be quite a deep green when examined 
by transmitted light. The surface of the harder shell below is characteristically pitted 
with a multitude of little longitudinal pores, each a few millimetres in length, except 
where the shell has been secreted in little warty excrescences, forming in some examples 
a roughness over the whole of the larger end of the egg, but in others appearing only here 
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