ADELIE PENGUIN. 
between a warm or almost reddish-brown and a brown which has a decided 
greenish tinge. 
It is in this plumage that the young is finally left to its own resources 
at the end of the breeding season. 
We were able to prove conclusively that the Adelie Penguin takes 
fourteen months to assume its adult plumage and two years to reach 
maturity. The brown plumage is merely the weathered condition of the 
first year’s suit, hi which some of the blue colour remains, but from which 
the black has faded by the weathering of a winter and of a summer’s sun. 
We were struck more by the extraordinary uniformity of the adult plumage 
than by the number of even trifling variations. 
Whatever may be the reason, the demarcation line between the black 
and white is seen to vary about the head and neck more frequently than 
elsewhere. We also got a pale or isabelline variety. In the Adelie Penguin 
the feathers of the occiput and neck can be raised to form a ruff or collar. 
With the erection of these feathers is associated the wide opening of the 
eyelids and the exposure of the white sclerotic of the eye-balls, giving the 
bird an appearance which we are apt to associate with fear. This is not 
so, but is intended to induce terror in others ; but any great excitement 
will cause the erection of this crest, with every sign of rage in voice and 
attitude. There is no doubt that the Adelie Penguin is a quick-tempered 
and withal a very plucky bird. As one approaches the sitting birds hardly 
a male but begins to growl and glare with staring eyeballs and ruffling 
feathers and hardly a bird but will without hesitation attack the most 
aggressive biped disturber of its peace. 
The black-throated bird, although its w r anderings are limited strictly 
to the icy regions, is a regular emigrant within those limits. From March 
till the latter end of August, both young and old are scattered over the 
northern regions of the ice, where they spend the winter, within easy reach 
of food and open water. They are also, during this time, more or less 
gregarious in habit, though markedly less so than they are in the summer 
season. Individual birds have been knowm to wrnnder, apparently lost, on 
the Great Ice Barrier some 60 or 70 miles from open water, but this was 
certainly accidental. The general migration southward from the pack-ice 
applies to the adults only and occurs about the middle of October. The 
general migration to the pack-ice north again takes place in two sections, 
that of the adults about the third week in January and that of the season’s 
young a week or two later. 
The size of a moulting bird, as the old coat loosens, is prodigious com¬ 
pared with the sleek and slim appearance of the newly-moulted one, for not 
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