COMPARING GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCES. 
137 
Distances Between Capital Towns. 
From London to Christiania is 750 miles; from Christiania to St. 
Petersburg is approximately the same, also the following : from London 
to Madrid approximately; from London to Florence, from London to 
Venice, from London to Vienna, from Vienna to Constantiople (hence 
from London to Constantinople is two units or about 1500 miles), from 
Vienna to Stockholm, from Romo to Berlin, from Rome to Brussels, 
from Copenhagen to Dublin, from Copenhagen to St. Petersburg, from 
Moscow to Stockholm. You will observe from St. Petersburg to 
Dublin via Copenhagen is approximately the same distance as from 
London to St. Petersburg via Christiania. 
ASIA. 
The same unit of 750 miles applies to the following: the length of 
the Red Sea, two units, viz., Suez to Jeddah, Jeddah to Aden, the 
cross measurement from Jeddah across Arabia to the Persian Gulf, 
one unit, from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean, one unit also, 
from the Caspian Sea, to the Straits of Ormuz ; from the Caspian to 
Kandahar; from Krasnavodsk, a Russian port on the Caspian to 
Samarkand. From Orenburg, which we noticed just now, to Rawal 
Pindi is about 1500 miles, and Tashkend, an important military station 
in central Asia, is rather more than half-way as the crow flies (probably 
rather less than half-way so far as the actual distance that would have 
to be traversed). The western frontier of India stretches from Karachi 
to Attock or about Rawal Pindi, length one unit. This boundary 
divides itself naturally into three parts, namely, Karachi to Sukkur, 
Sukkur to Dera Ghazee Khan and so to Rawal Pindi. In the lower 
portion all frontier difficulties were settled in the one word “ peccavi” 
The next portion from Sukkur to Dera Ghazee Khan is the portion that 
naturally abuts on Kandahar, and the upper portion from Dera Ghazee 
Khan to Rawal Pindi represents the portion that is watched by the 
Punjab frontier force, and which is at the present moment of importance, 
especially the upper 150 miles of it. Sukkur to our frontier beyond 
Quetta is also about 250 miles and the northern portion above Rawal 
Pindi recently brought under our influence, to Baroghil Pass is another 
250 miles. From Rawal Pindi to Allahabad—the central station for 
troops in the lower provinces is 750 miles; from Allahabad to Manipur, 
the most distant place from which troops might be brought, is 750 
miles. 
The west coast of India consists of two units, viz., from Karachi to 
Goa and from Goa to Point de Galle. The eastern coast of India con¬ 
sists also of two units, from Point de Galle to Masulipatam, where the 
coast makes an angle, and from Masulipatam to the mouths of the 
Ganges, Calcutta—the north and south length of Burmah is approxim¬ 
ately 750 miles. From Calcutta to the spot where the French, English 
and Chinese empires meet is rather over 750 miles—from that point to 
Hong Kong is approximately 750 miles; from Rangoon to Hue, our 
