466 
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMOUR 
plate as was to be expected. It may be seen that the steel is 
excellent. 
Bethlehem Fig. 3 shows a Bethlehem barbette shield for the Indiana , 12 ft. 1 in. 
^Indiana x 8 ft. in. x 17 in., weighing about 31 tons. It was attacked 
plate, by three 12-in. Carpenter 850 lb. forged steel projectiles, with 
striking velocities of 1,322, 1,495 and 1858 f.s. successively. The 
last, which had a calculated perforation of 25’5 in. of iron or 20*4 in. of 
ordinary steel, perforated the plate. The projectiles were excellent, 
the two first rebounding for a great distance intact. The toughness 
exhibited by both these plates is remarkable. They represent as 
above said armour on battle-ships, but are the beau ideal rather of 
armour for inland forts intended to bear breaching attack. 
Texei com- On Aug. 23rd and 24th took place a competition of armour plates 
P l t 89 1 8. n, Texei, when plates from the following firms were submitted to trial: 
Brown, Cammell, Yickers, St. Chamond, Schneider and Krupp. The 
dimensions were 6 ft. 7 in. x 4 ft. 11 in. x 5*9 in. (or 2 m x l*5 m x 
15 cm ). They were attacked by a 12 cm (4*72 in.) gun firing steel pro¬ 
jectiles, each weighing 26 kg. (57*3 lbs.). 
The results are shown in the following table :— 
Penetration in : 
inches.—Remarks. 
No. of round. 
Striking 
velocity. 
Vickers. 
Cammell 
St. 
Cham’nd 
Krupp. 
Schnieder. 
Brown. 
No. 1 
( 440 m.s. ") 
1 1444 f.s. j 
6*9 
6-9 
6-4 
6*9 
7*2 
0-9 
o 
C 480 m.s. \ 
8-1 
11*6 
7-4 
8*0 
head broke 
head broken 
(7 4 
1 1575 f.s. ) 
off in plate. 
off in plate. 
n 3 
( 600 m.s. \ 
1 1640 f.s. 3 
2*1 1 
shot brok’n ) 
Through 
nearly 
through. 
Through 
Through 
Through 
. 4 
C 540 m.s. \ 
l vm f.s. 3 
shot brok’n \ 
up. 3 
Through 
Through 
Through 
Through 
C 6.3, shot 
1 broken up 
D 5 
. 6 
( 573 m.s. 1 
1 1881 f.s. 3 
f 440 m.s. \ 
shot brok’n 1 
up. 3 
0-5 
Through 
Through 
Through 
head broke 
off in plate. 
Through 
1 1444 f.s. 3 
shot brok’n 
— - 
— 
— 
— 
_ , 
» 7 
( 440 m.s. \ 
1 1444 f.s. 3 
7*1 
— 
— 
— 
— 
— 
The whole of the plates were said to have hardened faces except the 
St. Chamond and the result as shown by the table is very curious and 
brings out the action of a hardened face in a remarkable way. It may 
be seen that at the low velocities the shot remained unbroken and in 
every instance entered more deeply into the face hardened plates, so- 
called, than into the St. Chamond, because doubtless this latter plate was 
harder in its mass than the others, but when the striking velocity 
reached about 1,603 f.s. the hard face began to break the points of 
the shot and the tables were turned whenever this took place. It 
never did its work in Krupp's and CammelFs plates and the photo¬ 
graphs show Krupps plate in all appearance unhardened with distinct 
fringes round the shot holes. Cammells plate was slightly hardened, 
