468 
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARMOUR. 
Captain Captain now Admiral Sampson, chief of the United States Bureau 
and m £ieut. Ordnance, contributed a paper in 1894 to the United States Naval 
Jaques on Architects on the “ Present status of face hardened armour.” In 
armour, this he spoke strongly in favour of nickel and recommended the 
electric annealing process for softening spots in hard faces in order to 
drill holes. The electric arc drill process in England had failed to do 
this when nickel was used and even plates without nickel were dealt 
with by drilling holes before face hardening. Lieut. Jaques about this 
time brought out a paper on armour, dwelling specially on the United 
States trials of thick plates. 
On May 11th, 1894, at Indianhead, a 6-in. Carnegie steel plate 
which had been rejected on account of a profusion of face cracks or 
Ejected wr i n kles, was found better than any plate hitherto tried, 
u.s? plate. On May 19th a Harveyed nickel plate for the Indiana (see Fig. 4) 
Fig . 4. 
15| ft. x ft. x 18 in. tapering at the bottom was attacked by 
12 in. Carpenter, 8501b. shot with velocities of 1,465 and 1,926 f.s. It 
broke across vertically (see A D B in Fig. 4) on the first blow and 
horizontally on the second and was rejected. A curious noise had been 
heard during the process of manufacture, but unsoundness could not 
be detected, it was therefore submitted for acceptance and in its 
own way is valuable as a record. The wedging effect of a shot 
whose calibre is nearly one-seventh the width of the plate is consider¬ 
able, but the plate was poor as to perforation, the first shot penetrating 
20 inches. 
