THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
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these powerful guns ; 4 of them are already allotted to the double-turreted 
iron-clad “ Monarch/' which was launched last May. It is to be noted that 
at the rate of 5 tons of metal for every 100 lbs. of shot (which seems to 
be about the correct proportion of weight for Woolwich guns) the 12" gun is 
too light for 600 lb. projectiles and the usual proportionate charges of rifle 
L.G. powder. 
Only one 11" gun has as yet been ordered, and the details are not 
decided. 
The 10" guns will also be used in turret vessels, 18 are ordered but 
none are yet completed for service. The experimental gun at Shoeburyness 
has penetrated a 15" plate at 200 yards. 
The 9" gun is a very powerful and efficient gun for its weight; with 
chilled shot and battering charges (43 lbs.) it can penetrate 8" armour 
plates at 200 yards, it will therefore be much used in the navy. 255 have 
already (1st June 1868) been manufactured. 
The 8" gun is for sea service only, 96 manufactured. The 7" of 7 tons 
or the land service pattern is a longer gun and a better shooter than the 
6J ton gun which is superseding the 7" B.L. gun in a certain class of 
frigates. 62 of the heavy pattern manufactured, and 515 of the light. 
The 64-pr. was originally intended for a B.L. gun, but was completed as 
a muzzle-loader, it is used only as a naval shell gun. 430 manufactured. 
All the 64-prs. in the service have coiled wrought-iron barrels and shunt 
rifling, whilst all the higher natures (except a few individual guns) have 
steel barrels, and the "Woolwich" rifling. 
Our own and foreign guns compared. 
At this point it may not be uninteresting to allude to the heavy ordnance 
of foreign nations in comparison with our own. 
Most of the continental powers at first rifled their old cast-iron guns and 
strengthened them with exterior hoops of steel or wrought-iron, but more 
recently they have been supplying themselves with steel guns manufactured 
by M. Krupp, of Essen ;* whilst the Americans, who had the most urgent 
* The enormous scale on which M. Krupp’s works are conducted will be understood when it is 
stated that they cover about 450 acres of ground, about one-fourth of which is under cover, that 
the number of men employed is 8000, besides 2000 more in the coal mines at Essen, at the blast 
furnaces on the Rhine, and at the iron pits on the Rhine and in Nassau,* also, that during last 
year the produce of the works was 61,000 tons, by means of 112 smelting reverberatory, and 
cementing furnaces; 195 steam engines, from 2 to 1000 horse power; 49 steam hammers, from 
1 to 50 tons (the blocks); 110 smiths’ forges; 318 lathes; 111 planing machines; 61 cutting and 
shaping machines. 
The establishment has already delivered 3500 guns, valued at over £1,050,000, and it has received 
orders for the immediate delivery of 2200 more. Most of the guns made are rifled breech-loaders, 
from 4-prs. to 300 prs. 
At the Paris Exhibition 1867, M. Krupp exhibited a 1000-pr. weighing 50 tons, and a 330-pr. of 
12J tons, besides smaller guns, all breech-loaders. 
The 1000-pr. (which he has presented to the King of Prussia) has a forged inner tube strengthened 
with three layers of rings over the powder chamber, and two layers over the muzzle portion; the 
rings are forged from ingots without welding. 
