508 
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OE 
same height as his eye; he then paces to that point, plots on his sketch this 
distance according to scale, and numbers the point 5. He continues the 
same process from that point, until he arrives at the top of the hill, and will 
thus have represented that slope in plan by the contours marked 0, 5, 10, 
15, 20. It will be noticed that the distance paced has been the hypothenuse 
of each right-angled triangle, whereas the base or distance apart in plan of 
the contours is required. When the inclines are gradual, the difference 
between the two distances will be comparatively small—by pacing a little 
longer than usual, the sketcher will have reduced the distance paced to its 
horizontal equivalent; but when the inclines are above 20°, instead of 
levelling, the best plan will be to observe the angle of inclination, and lay¬ 
off the horizontal equivalents from the scale of shade, to get the distance 
apart of the contours in plan. 
The best method of contouring by means of cross-sections is the fol¬ 
lowing :—Let AB represent a watercourse; in order to obtain the contours 
of the slopes on either side of it, commence levelling from A to B up the 
watercourse; cross-sections can then be run from points 0, 1, 2, 3 in it, as 
Pig. o, 
