16 
ACHIEVEMENTS OE FIELD ARTILLERY. 
The Turks poured a hob musketry fire upon them but did not wait to 
cross bayonets with their assailants, and finally abandoned their artil¬ 
lery, ammunition, &c., on the crest of the bill, and fled in wild confusion 
to Vizinkioi. The whole position was in Russian hands by 1 o’clock, 
and by its occupation the entire of Moukhtar Pasha’s army was cut in 
two. The portion of his army which retreated on Kars, whither 
Moukhtar himself fled after the capture of Avliar, was attacked by 
the troops under Lazareff, and was pursued by General Heimann. 
General Roop, who had been waiting to see how Heimann’s attack 
fared in front of the Turkish positions on the northern slopes of the 
Aladja Dagh, had confined himself all the morning to skirmishing and 
a vigorous cannonade from 24 guus. After the Avliar hill was taken, 
however, he perceived the Turks in front of him beginning to draw off 
some of their guns, and in order to prevent their escape he launched 
his columns to the attack, supported by 28 guns, at close ranges. As 
the Russians came on the right of their opponents gave way and fled 
towards Vizinkioi, and there was but little real resistance made to the 
assault at this part of the field. 
But as the fugitives came down the western slopes of the mountain 
they were met by the troops of Lnzareff, who had joined hands with 
Heimann round the west of the hill, and at the same moment Roop’s 
right and Heimann’s left put the remainder of the Turks to flight. 
The whole of Moukhtar’s right was thus driven from its position and 
surrounded. As darkness closed in, nothing remained for the three 
Turkish divisions on the Aladja Dagh but to surrender, and accord¬ 
ingly they capitulated that night unconditionally. 
The results of this victory, which is regarded as one of the most 
brilliant in the Russian annals, were the crushing defeat of Moukhtar 
Pasha’s army 35,000 strong ; 4000 or 5000 men belonging to it were 
killed and wounded in the battle, 7000 laid down their arms and were 
made prisoners, while from 1000 to 2000 were scattered in dispersed 
bands and disappeared. 35 guns, a vast quantity of small-arms, am¬ 
munition, and provisions were captured, and the fate of Kars w T as sealed. 
The Russians lost some 56 officers and 1400 men killed and wounded. 
There is a concensus of opinion as to the effect of the effect produced 
by Russian artillery. 
“ The greater part of the Turkish losses were caused by the admir¬ 
able employment of the Russian artillery with shrapnel.” 1 
General Brackenbury has put the proportion of Turkish losses at 
this battle due to artillery fire at 50 per cent, of their strength. 
The Correspondent of the Daily News with the Turkish army 
describes a meeting he had with their commander the night of the 
battle, in these words :— 
“ Moukhtar Pasha turned to me abruptly and said —“ What do you 
think of the enemy’s artillery fire during the battle?” “ Excellency,” 
I said, I felt a little shy at giving my true opinion, “I think the 
Russian artillery fire was very good indeed.” “ Yes,” said the Marshal, 
“'that was the grand point where they beat us. It was the old story 
of France and Prussia.” 
1 Lieutenant Greene’s account. 
