296 
THE BROME FAMILY. 
Barracks , 1 2 other than for the Guards, and these were some chapels, 
near the Tower, of disaffected nonconformists, seized by the Crown 
(vide B. of O. letter book), and in Forts :—soldiers were billeted; and 
were mustered, by the King’s Muster Masters, at varying intervals, until 
monthly musters were established in 1715. Each Colonel had his own 
Standing Orders—no general regulations being in existence for dis¬ 
cipline and exercise of the troops. 3 Borgard’s orders are preserved at 
Woolwich. 
In 1688, Matross uniform consisted of striped jacket and breeches, 
blue stockings, felt cap, neckcloth, shoes and buckles ( Clean eland, p. 
110 ); but the artillery uniform, temp . Queen Anne, may be generally 
described as blue blouse, felt hat, 3 and pantaloons (“ coates of blue, 
“ with brass buttons, and lyned with orange bass, and hats with orange . 
“silk galoome”); but each Commanding Officer “cloathed” his men 
much at his own caprice, deducting the cost out of pay due to tho 
soldier, until 30th November, 1717, when the Duke of Montague, then 
Master-General, whose bonhommie was equalled only by his religious 
love of uniformity and order, 4 directed that the Itoyal Artillery be 
be clothed by Mr. Loudon of London, also annually, at average cost of 
£3 10s. per man—which order cancelled that of the Duke of Schom- 
berg, quoted by Duncan in Yol. I., p. 59. 
From 1698 to 1715 the pay of a (sworn) gunner was two shillings 
per diem ., and that of a matross and assistant one shilling and eight- 
pence respectively; and there was no higher grade in the ranks than 
bombardier. The men were paid very irregularly, at intervals of two 
to six months; and Ordnance letter books show that officers were 
frequently settled with twelve months in arrear—cash being a rare 
commodity until after the Peace of Utrecht. 
The personal equipment of a gunner comprised horn (for priming 
powder), priming iron, compasses, plummet and quadrant (for directing 
peeces), piece of chalk, tape or measured string, level (for testing 
mortar platform, &c.) 5 ; and the matross carried dagger, Snaphance 
1 Barracks (never Barrack)— i.e. War- (G-r.) oikos, (Mars- (Gr.) oikos or WanHouse)— b being 
in all languages interchangeable with w. Hence, the final s, in barrracks, mav not be left out 
(as in Johnson and Webster).— Orig. of Lang. (Kavanagh), Vol. I., p. 73. 
2 “Military and Martial Law” (Clode), p. 11. The earliest regimental Muster-Roll in the R.A. 
Record Office, at Woolwich, is for tho year 1717. 
3 These felt hats (species of sou’-wester) were made by the Company of Reiters, who were in¬ 
corporated under Henry III., and who, down to the 18th century, continued to supply also the 
felt ivads for guns. In 1747 the felt hats were called felt caps, and by the “ Dress Regulations ” 
of 22nd April, 1803, a lacquered felt cap was to be issued every two years. 
An eye-witness at Agincourt states {in rerum Britt, medii osvi scriptores, p. 193) that when 
the army lay before Bouves, where was an immense quantity of grape wine in tubs, the English 
filled their felt caps with the wine (whereas the French had leather bottles for the purpose), which 
Henry V. forbade, saying that “most of them made bottles of their bellies without measure, which 
was not good for’them.” The folio quoted reads bottles instead of felt caps; but on a former 
occasion there was another account, in the Public Record Office (which I could not again find on 
recent visit), giving the felt cap version.— B.H.M. 
4 This Duke of Montague, since 1722 the first Grand Master of Speculative Freemasons, was at 
same time also the first Grand Master of Speculative Artillerists, in consolidating by Royal Charter, 
1741, the Royal Military Academy, which had been founded, in 1719, as the school of theoretical 
instruction in Woolwich Warren. From 1741 artillery likewise emerged into a speculative science 
founded upon an operative art. Ordnance Letter Book, Military. History B.M.A. (1851 Ed.), 
p. 61. Grewenitz (TraitS), p. 69. History Freemasonry (Gould), Vol. II., pp. 125, 126, 282. 
( Muller’s “ Treatise on Artillery.” 
5 < The Gunner’s Glasse ” (1646), by Master-Gunner Eldred, p. 76. 
(.Papers respecting the Military Society (1772), p. 32. 
