2 
“ In elementary practice, which is for instruction and not for effect, common 
shell will be used both for ranging and, with time fuzes, to represent shrapnel; 
but at service practice, whenever shrapnel lire is to be opened, ranging will as far 
as possible be done with percussion shrapnel, unless the distance or difficulty of 
the target renders observation impossible.” 
“ There should be at least 18 qualified layers in a battery, and all should be 
given equal opportunities at practice.” 
“ The object of practice of a Brigade Division is to perfect Officers Command¬ 
ing Brigade Divisions in— 
(i.) Choice of position and reconnoitring. 
(ii.) Explanation of tactical idea. 
(iii.) Indication, nature and extent of target; also the division of the target 
among their batteries and the change from one target to another of 
the whole or a portion of their commands. 
(iv.) Bringing their commands into action. 
(v.) The communication of orders. 
(vi.) Economy, control of ammunition and rate of lire and making necessary 
arrangements for communication between the first and second line 
of wagons and the ammunition columns.” 
“ In chosing his position, the Lieut.-Colonel should regulate his movements 
and those of his Adjutant so as not to attract the attention of the enemy. He 
should satisfy himself that none of the guns will be obscured by folds in the 
ground or other objects, and determine whether an echelon or a line formation 
should be adopted. While conducting this reconnaissance he should be careful to 
keep touch with his batteries, especially in close country.” 
“ He should explain to the Battery Commanders as much of the tactical idea as 
will enable them to grasp the principles on which the action is to be fought, and 
on which the movements of the Brigade Division will depend. It is of the first 
importance that he should give an indication of the time he will probably be in 
action at each range or at each portion of the objective, and issue such orders as 
will ensure fire being so regulated that not only its greatest effect may be attained, 
but that no risk is incurred of its failing at the most critical moment.” 
" He should describe the targets and, if possible, indicate the system of fire 
tactics he proposes to adopt. 
This must be practised in all cases before the batteries arrive at the practice 
camp.” 
“ The practice of a Brigade Division will be :— 
The batteries being assembled in rendezvous formation the Commanding Officer 
gallops on to reconnoitre, accompanied by his Adjutant, one trumpeter, one set of 
range-takers, and Battery Commanders, with one trumpeter each only. He 
points out the preparatory position, and his Adjutant rides back to show the 
batteries the way. He reconnoitres the enemy accompanied by trumpeter only, 
and selects the position; signals to range-takers and Battery Commanders to join 
him ; points out target to the former and sets them to take the range; he then 
points out to the Battery Commanders— 
(a.) Their objective (extent of target for each battery). 
(3.) Their ground. 
(c.) Whether echelon or line. 
( d '.) Approximate rate of fire. 
They reconnoitre their own ground, each making for the windward flank of his 
battery. 
