520 
ROYAL TROPHY GUNS AT WINDSOR. 
4-Pounders. 
With regard to the 4-Prs. —apart from the statements, in London 
District, 5 | 327 and 57 | Windsor | 261.3 (by General H. Lynedoch 
Gardiner, C.B., and by the Master of the Queers Household) as 
to some of these having been used at Culloden and left at Thistle 
Lawn, Windsor, in 1746, by H.R.TI. the Duke of Cumberland on 
return with the Royal troops from Scotland—there can be little 
doubt that, with exception of the three of 1747, 1749, and 1773 cast¬ 
ings, twenty-three of these 4-prs. were employed in the suppression of 
the rebellion in Scotland (1745-6), including the battle of Culloden on 
16th April, 1746 (the great and last battle fought in Great Britain). 
Examination of contemporary Royal warrants. Royal Artillery pay 
lists and muster-rolls, Board of Ordnance letter books, &c., &c., has 
led to the following information being obtained : 
Battle of Prestonpans, 21 September, 1745. 
At the landing of the Pretender there was only one field train 
(company) of Royal Artillery on the permanent establishment in Scot- 
land, viz.:— 
That commanded in the battle of Prestonpans, 21st Sept. 1745, by 
Captains Archibald Cunningham 1 2 and John Godwin; in the battle of 
Falkirk, 17tli January 1746, by Captains Archibald Cunningham and 
John Godwin; in the battle of Culloden, 16th April 1746, by Captains 
Borgard Michelsen and John Godwin, which company now survives, 
under designation of “ Ho. 1 Company Western Division, R.A.,” 
stationed at Bermuda, under command of Major Arthur Tracey. 
The armament of this company consisted of eight 4-prs. (“ brass,” 
i.e. bronze) and four brass cohorns—the 4-pr. having replaced the f-pr. 
equipment in 1743-4. 3 
7 4-prs. Seven of these 4-prs. were in action at Prestonpans, on 21st Septem¬ 
ber, 1745, and were captured by the rebels in consequence of the hired 
civilian drivers having run off with the horses during the battle on per¬ 
ceiving the Royal army to waver. These are the 4-prs. alluded to in 
Sir Edward CusPs “ Annals of War,” 1745, p. 91; and the rebels having 
subsequently left them in Carlisle Fort when retreating before the Duke 
of Cumberland^ army (see Cust, p. 94), these guns were re-captured 
in January 1746 by the Royal Artillery under General Hawley. 3 
Battle of Falkirk, 17 January, 1746. 
In the battle of Falkirk, artillery guns were not engaged on either 
1 For Captain Cunningham’s history see “Proceedings ” P.A.I., Vol. XX., No. 9, p. 476. 
2 The French adopted the 4-pr. field equipment in 1726, “Proceedings ” P.A.I., Vol. VII., No. 
3, pp. 136-7: and Napoleon I. suppressed it, in the Italian campaign, in favour of 6-prs.— vide 
‘ ‘ The Mobility of Field Artillery ” (Hime) in c ‘ Proceedings ” P.A.I., Vol. VII., No. 7, p. 461, 
note. The English adopted the 4-pr. in 1720 (gun No. 1 casting of that year is now one of the 
trophy guns at Windsor), and suppressed it in 1746: and although some 4-pr. castings were made 
subsequently, these were only for quick-firing experiments and to replace the iron 4-prs. in forts. 
3 The siege train of six 18-prs., referred to by Sir E. Cust (“Annals,” p. 94), must have been 
ship guns. “ The ship guns having been taken from Newcastle by General Hawley, General 
Wentworth requires 100 wall pieces in lieu.”—Letter from the Duke of Newcastle, Whitehall, 
to the Master-General of the Ordnance, dated 17th February, 1745-6. It is certain that Captain 
Cunningham’s field train had rejoined General Hawley at Carlisle by this time. 
