LECTURES FOR N.-CJ.O. AND MEN OP FIELD ARTILLERY. 583 
in preparatory position not to be compared with disadvantages of going 
into action when not thus prepared; batteries may be engaged for 
hours ; culpable neglect; the “ gallop, halt, action front tactics ” ren¬ 
der it impossible to point out target and get the range; everything 
depends on success of artillery duel; when batteries debouch, from a 
defile or narrow way, or have to come into action suddenly in rencontre, 
then there is reason ; first gun out of debouch would be shown target; 
others form on it, and Nos. 1 and officers pick up target and range. 
Great advantages to be derived from quietness at manoeuvre; ab- 7thLecture, 
sence of excitement, or seeming excitement; not to interfere with 
smartness or dash ; accidents in field; whole battery not to rush and 
help ; the sub-division should suffice ; the remainder go on ; quietness 
in giving orders for manoeuvre; in executing; peace the preparation 
for war; casualties in peace train for casualties in war. 
Brief Sketch of Artillery Tactics.—'Early wars of century ; Napoleon’s 
“ battalion guns;” Peninsular War; Crimea; 1859, 1864, 1866, 1870. 
Remember artillery is an auxiliary to infantry, so is cavalry. Tactics 
of artillery have not changed, distances have altered; range at which 
formerly effective at outset of fight now impossible at the outset. 
Must get into action sooner than formerly, and remain in action lon¬ 
ger; principle of massing guns not new ; Eylau, Wagram, Borodino, 
Waterloo. Concentration of fire only obtained by massing guns; 
1864, 1866, 1870 again. In 1866 artillery kept back in reserve; no 
such term now as “ reserve artillery.” How guns were used in 1870. 
Characteristics of Three Arms.—Infantry fire and bayonet can go 
wherever a man can ; effective on move, equally so for attack or 
defence quickly; cavalry, motion, never wait attack. Heavy cavalry 
charge, Balaclava ; Russians defeated ; cavalry eyes and ears of army ; 
openings still left to cavalry ; favourable ground; smoke. Tobitschau 
1866, 18 guns captured; masses of cavalry in attack; Napoleon’s 
wars ; Frederick the Great. Modern German cavalry tactics. 
Artillery powerless on move; surprise; ground; effective only at 
halt; movement to be quick ; entails fresh range ; move as seldom as 
possible in general engagement unless infantry tactics require ; difficult 
to train ; great effect of massed fire; ultimate success of battle depends 
on primary action of artillery; careful selection of first position. Read 
on these points Home, Clery, Hohenlohe, von Schell, von Hoenig. 
Tactical handling of artillery in the attack.—Initiatory action ; artil- 8thLecture, 
lery duel; preparation for infantry attack ; support of ditto; occupation 
of the position; pursuit. On defensive; artillery duel; infantry at¬ 
tack ; counter attack; “ Field Artillery Brill,” Yol. II. Read Colonel 
Brackenbury’s lecture “ Use and Abuse of Field Artillery ” (Aldershot, 
June, 1888.) Instances of pursuits, Waterloo ; Koniggratz no pursuit; 
support of infantry, Gravelotte; effect of massed fire at Sedan, &c., 
&c. 
Summary of duties of artillery, Hohenlohe. Formations in war, 9t hLecture, 
line and column ; examples read from Hohenlohe of what actually oc¬ 
curred ; no loss in flank march in column of route ; artillery can always 
repel a frontal attack. Koniggratz, effect of enemy ranging to a 
position likely to be occupied by attacking guns; confidence that the 
