THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
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their thickness is from 4 to 4| inches, lined with East India teak. The 
engine is of 450 horse-power. She is armed with seventeen 8-inch guns. 
Total cost 802,£20 silver roubles. 
5. The iron-clad battery “ Kreml.” The order to construct this battery, 
by Eussian manufacturers, was issued on the 19th November, 1862. The 
builders were Messrs Semiannikoff & Poletika, owners of the Neva Foundry 
and Machine Works, in St Petersburg, who commenced construction on the 
20th September, 1863. The principal dimensions are:-—Length 221ft.; 
width, 53 ft.; thickness of armour plate, made in England, from 4 to 5| in. 
The machinery is of 360 horse-power. It was intended to arm this battery 
with fourteen 8-inch rifled guns, and she was ready for use on the 1st July, 
1864. 
Turret Boats . 
The double turret iron-clad boat " Smerch” was constructed by Mr Mitchel, 
in St Petersburg, on the Galerny Island, according to the system of 
Mr Kolza. The construction was commenced on the 7th August, 1863, 
and the boat was launched on the 11th June, 1864. The principal 
dimensions are:—Length, 183 ft. 5 in.; width, 14 ft. 3 in.; watermark, 
10 ft. 6 in.; and rises from the water only a few feet. There are two turrets 
on deck, each 22 ft. diameter, with elliptical portholes for guns. Between 
the fore turret and the funnel stands an oval house for the captain. The 
foundations of the turrets and the mechanism for turning are concealed 
under the deck and protected from the enemy's shot. At the bow is 
constructed a sharp spear-pointed ram, 4 ft. from the surface of the water. 
The stern is protected by overhanging armour-plates covering the rudder 
and screws. To decrease the rolling of the boat two additional keels are 
fitted below water. The armour plates, made in England, are from 
4 to 4| inches thick, and the armour of turrets is 4 J inches thick laid 
on a teak lining, covered inside with iron plates 1 inch thick. The deck is 
also covered with similar plates. The engine is of 200 horse-power, made 
in London, at the works of Messrs Maudsley, Sons, andEield. Besides this 
there is a small engine of 6 horse-power for working the ventilators for the 
cabins, and for turning the turrets. This boat is fitted with two screws of 
8 ft. diameter. Each of the turrets is mounted with one 8 in. rifled gun. 
The cost without extra expenses is 504,000 silver roubles. 
Single Turret Boats , or Monitors. 
Circumstances requiring the rapid construction of iron-clad boats for coast 
defences, obliged us to adopt the American system of monitors, as they 
answered the chief object and offered the possibility of rapid construction. 
This system of single turret boats presents two principal parts, the lower 
being in the form of flat-bottomed boats and the other presenting a plane 
with sharp projecting points to cover, at the bow, the pit for the anchor, 
and at the stern the rudder and screws. The bulwarks of the boat are 
covered with oak and pine timbers 39 inches thick, and these are covered 
with 1-inch armour plates in five layers. The height of the boat from the 
water is not more than 14 inches, and presents an unimportant mark to the 
