THE EOYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
237 
1. Saving of expense .—It is very difficult to estimate what this will 
amount to, owing to the manufacture of the steel and chilled projectiles not 
having yet been established on a sufficiently large or regular scale.* But 
so far as it has gone it has established that the Palliser shell, even if 
the more costly mixtures of iron be employed, will not cost more than about 
one-fifth of the steel shell, and the shot not more than about one-third. 
The difference will, of course, be greater if old iron be utilized for the 
purpose. This comparison will serve to indicate the probable saving which 
the adoption of Major Palliser's invention will have effected. 
2. Greater uniformity of hardness and structure.-—The difficulty of tem¬ 
pering large blocks of steel is well known, and this difficulty has been 
experienced to a very great extent in the manufacture of steel projectiles. 
Owing to the inequalities of temper, the most confusing and disappointing 
results have frequently been obtained with steel shell and shot manufactured 
by the same makers, professedly of the same quality, and prepared to the 
same pattern. With chilled projectiles the same uncertainty does not pre¬ 
vail. Where particular brands or mixtures of iron are employed, the results 
will be sufficiently definite; and although the homogeneity and uniformity 
of chilled projectiles will doubtless be improved as the system of manufac¬ 
ture becomes perfected and better understood, these projectiles have hitherto 
shewn themselves to be infinitely more reliable than steel, and remarkably 
uniform in their weights and their results. 
3. Superior penetrative effects. —The superiority of Major PallisePs pro¬ 
jectiles to steel in this respect has been amply established. Reference might 
be made to a large number of experiments in support of this statement, but 
the results of the practice at Shoeburyness against the Bellerophoii target, 
and, more conclusive still, the practice of the 13th and 14th September, and 
the 24th October, 1866, against a target consisting of 8 inches of iron 
upon 18 inches of teak, and a J inch iron skin, seem to render such 
reference unnecessary. On these occasions the massive structure was 
completely penetrated by every Palliser shell with one exception, fired from 
the 9" M.L. R. gun, 43 lbs. charge, at 250 yards range.f Steel shot and 
steel shell of different tempers and with various heads, fired under the same 
conditions, all failed to penetrate* 
4. The superior effects of chilled shot after penetration have always been 
noticed. The shot break up after passing through the target, and form so 
much langridge or missile matter, the effect of which in the interior of a 
ship or other defences is very great, and approaches, in the case of a shot, 
that which is generally obtained only with a shell. Speaking of these pro¬ 
jectiles, Captain Harrison remarks, “we obtain the advantage of langridge, 
which is lost by using steel shot/’J 
* About 2000 steel shell had been manufactured up to the time of their supersession by chilled 
projectiles. 
f The shell which failed to penetrate had a greatly reduced velocity* 
J “Proceedings,” Royal Artillery Institution^ Yoh IV* p* 203< 
