THE EOYAL ARTILLEEY INSTITUTION. 
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faces 12, that the berm is small and sometimes does not exist. Werk 14 has 
a brick revetted counterscarp, the other redoubts have no revetments either 
for escarp or counterscarp, but this appears to be due to want of time for 
their construction. The ditches are narrow, and seldom swept by flank fire, 
the glacis are insignificant. 
In general there are places for five guns at the salient and for three at 
each shoulder; sometimes also positions are reserved for guns at the angles 
where the flank meets the rear face. 
The tread of the banquette is generally 3 ft. in breadth expanding into a 
terreplein of 30 ft. in breadth where it is meant to employ artillery. 
The parapets are raised about 3 ft. by bonnettes, in front of the positions 
for guns. 
In the retrenchment there is on each flank a cheap modification of a 
haxo-casemate to hold two guns, the embrasures of which are directed so as 
to sweep the ground behind the rear faces of the main work. 
At the time of my visit (the first days of October) no guns were in any of 
the works. 
Tor revetments and for steps to facilitate access to the banquettes and to 
the superior slope of the parapet (in order to fire into the ditch) fascines 
were much used; hurdles were often employed as revetting, gabions seldom, 
and only for embrasures. 
The magazines are in traverses near the guns, two which I entered were 
triangular in section, and had a passage of rectangular section j these and 
the covered galleries struck me as being well protected from horizontal fire, 
and from perhaps the effects of 8" mortar shells, but could have been entered 
by heavy mortar shells. 
Part of the earth to form the parapets had been taken from the interior 
of the works. 
Many of these latter contained pumps. 
As an inner line two tetes de pont to cover the permanent bridges at 
Tlorisdorff, and a boat bridge thrown across for the occasion at Stadlau 
have been erected. 
I only visited the former, it consists of eight large closed redoubts, of five 
closed redans or fleches and of two small open batteries, the whole connected 
by a ditch and parapet, behind the latter runs a sunken and good road 22 ft. 
broad, except between Werks 7 and 8, which are joined by a trench, of 
ordinary siege profile. The tete depont is at an average distance of 1800 yds. 
from the bridges and of 6000 yards from Yienna, its total circumferential 
length is 7000 yards, or four miles, 
