THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
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In the outer line the redoubts were placed near the main roads, and 
railways, in the inner line generally on them, new roads being constructed 
to lead round the flanks of the works. 
In one part of the line a railway embankment was made to do the duty of 
a connecting parapet, care was taken to direct a flanking fire of artillery along 
its front, this was effected by the erection of a small battery. 
The embankment also formed one side of Werk 6. Brick revetting was 
pretty freely used in this inner line. Nos. 1 and 8 being constructed in 
ground likely to be inundated, contained a good deal of board revettings. 
Trace of Inner Line. Scale T (i * 5 - U - 
In the outer chain of redoubts where the works are thickly studded 
together, as across the Brunn road, they are capable of offering a most 
formidable resistance, but in the plain about Leopoldstadt they seemed to me 
to be too much apart. 
I had this summer an opportunity of examining at Wibourg, Finland, an 
intrenched camp, commenced in 1863-4, when a collision between Bussia 
and the Western powers was deemed possible, and which, though still in 
process of construction is in a very forward state; its plan fairly embodies 
the leading points approved of by General Todleben. As it is easier to 
contrast one system with another than to pronounce decidedly on the value 
of either it may be interesting to note those features which the Austrian and 
Bussian intrenched camps have in common and where they differ. 
The Wibourg redoubts were 450 yards apart, about the same distance as 
the more closely packed Austrian ones, in addition however the Bussian 
camp possessed a good battery between each pair of redoubts, the former being 
so placed as to sweep the ground in front of the latter which were also 
protected by the guns of the nearest main works. 
The trace of the redoubts were in both cases much the same; neither 
seeking to defend their ditches by a parapet fire, they were generally able to 
secure their front faces from enfilade without being obliged to have recourse 
to traverses. 
The Bussian works, unlike the Austrian, had no retrenchments. It was 
intended to close their gorges with brick walls as has been done in the inner 
line at Florisdorff. The parapets in the two cases were of the same thickness. 
The Bussian berm was 7 feet broad, the Austrian only one. 
At Florisdorff the ditches were narrow, shallow, and without flank defence. 
At Wibourg both escarp and counterscarp were roughly revetted with stone; 
■caponnieres of wood were to have been built had the works been suddenly 
wanted, now brick ones will be made communicating by vaulted passages 
with the interior of the redoubt, a fork of the same passage allows the 
garrison to sally into the ditch. 
