296 
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF 
Breccias. 
flints, and argillaceous earth formed with stalactitical calcareous spar into a 
breccia, some other pot holes are nearly 1000 ft. above the present sea level, 
they being formed in the solid rock by the attrition of pebbles set in 
motion by the rapidity of a river or currents in the sea. On the western 
face of the rock there are beds of strata consisting of a blackish brown or 
ferruginous coloured earth, seen in abundance near “ The Old Man's Garden" 
above Windmill Hill; slate and limestone slate (specimens 
shale and No. 1 and Ho. 5) are found covered with a deposit of this 
earth, and dark shale impregnated with manganese, existing 
midway between that place and “ The Old Man's Garden " with fine quartz 
crystals, also pieces of limestone covered with dendrites; and farther south 
are found greenish flints, imbedded in a shining reddish clay. 
Near Eosia there is a breccia found, composed of fossils and 
dark greenish calcareous rock combined with a yellow coloured 
cement (see specimen No. 6). On the shore on the western face of the 
Eock and parallel to its axis, there are a series of beds of highly indurated 
shale (see specimen No. 3), nearly vertical, and lying over the stratified 
limestone beds. There are many caves filled with Osseous Breccia, the bones 
having in the course of time been washed into the large fissures of the Eock, 
and imbedded in a calcareous concretion of a reddish brown ferruginous 
colour, highly indurated, and of an earthy fracture; these bones are of 
various animals, quadrupeds, and birds of different sizes mixed “ pell mell," 
and accompanied by shells of snails, fragments of rocks and of calc spar, 
in a kind of breccia; doubtless they have been carried off the surface by 
the heavy rains into the fissures, and after having undergone the permeating 
action of water, which in course of long periods of time has deposited 
calcareous matter, and thus cemented the whole together in the form of an 
ossiferous breccia. I found in many places a very hard rock containing 
throughout it bones of different sizes, and land shells, with pieces of 
limestone. 
This breccia has been constantly forming, and contains both large extinct 
mammalia, and also bones of various existing species including human 
remains (see specimen No. 12 from Poca Eoca Cave, and specimen No. 11 
from Windmill Hill Cave), more breccia and of greater variety has been 
found near Eosia than anywhere else. The bones found some 
30 years ago consisted of the Ox, Deer, Sheep, Eabbit, Water- 
mouse, Horse, Ass, Snake, and various birds and shells of the land 
species. On taking a chemical analysis of some of the bones 
them to consist of phosphate of lime, and the interstices of 
of lime; many were found at Eosia Bay, and at the north side 
of the Eock, more lately however they have prevailed at Windmill Hill. 
Amongst the various breccias that I found in different parts of the Eock, 
was one of land shells about 500 ft. above the sea level near Willis's 
Guard. 
Another remarkable deposit occurs -which commences somewhat above 
the 3rd Europa Advance Battery and strikes northward, past Martin's Cave, 
to that vertical piece of the Eock that joins the te blown sands" of Catalan 
Bay, near The Brown Cave. It is a minute conglomerate 
Minute shell composed of broken shells (see specimen No. 4) cemented 
together by stalagmite, small fissures and crevices being found 
Bones of 
animals 
found thirty 
years ago. 
we found 
carbonate 
breccia. 
