300 
MINUTES OF PEOCEEDINGS OF 
The fossil remains of the Genista Cave establish 
"ti^Eock* ,0 in 9 ues ^ on that “the Bock ” was formerly either peopled by, or 
olden days. 1 the occasional resort of large quadrupeds like the Elephant, 
Bhinoceros, Deer, Ibex, Wild Horse, Boar, &c. which were preyed 
upon by Hysenas, Leopards, African Lynx and Serval, that the remains were 
transplanted by any violent diluvial agency from a distance is opposed to 
all the evidence of the case; the manner in which they were introduced into 
the caves, now known as Genista, was probably by the bones that were not 
acted upon by the atmosphere, being strewed in the various hollows, and 
afterwards swept by the action of the heavy rains together with shells and 
stones into the fissures, and subsequently solidified into a conglomerate mass 
by calcareous infiltration. “That elephants frequented the Bock,” said 
Dr Falconer, “ is proved by a valuable specimen of the molar tooth of an 
extinct species ( elephas antiquus ) discovered (as before stated) in a sea 
beach at Europa Point, by Mr Smith of Jordan Hill, and afterwards 
recovered by Lieut. Brown of the Boyal Artillery,” that hyaenas dwelt upon 
“ the Bock ” is also manifested by the fact that in addition to the numerous 
bones, coprolites of hyaena brunnea were found in large quantities in the 
“ Genista Cave ” (these animals exist now no higher than the Cape of Good 
Hope), large numbers of ibex must have existed, as Dr Falconer estimated 
the remains he examined to be two or three hundred; that the Bock was 
then to a great extent clothed with tropical vegetation, like the corresponding 
limestone mountains on the African coast are now, is so legitimate an 
inference as to be hardly open to rational doubt, although at present scarcely 
food is found for the goats, much less for cows, or larger animals. This 
may be easily accounted for by the fact that vegetation tempers the heat, 
attracts moisture, and greatly increases the fall of rain. 
Connexion be- As it is highly improbable that these wild animals could have 
tween Europe crossed the Straits, the legitimate inference is that there was a 
and Africa. connexion between the two continents at no very remote period. 
Flint imple- Human remains were found in great abundance in the upper 
mentsfoundwitb chambers of the cave, about 30 or 40 individuals accompanied 
human remains. py s t one implements of the polish stone periods, broken querns 
and a large quantity of pottery, also marine shells of edible species, many 
of the bones belong to widely different epochs, and were probably buried 
there by human agency; new caves on Windmill Hill are still adding to our 
store of knowledge, and increasing the stock of our valuable animal remains, 
upwards of 20 species of mammalia enumerated above have been found in 
these various caves, and added to the mammalian palaeontology of Gibraltar, 
I doubt not that, in the new caves and fissures which seem to undermine 
Windmill Hill, under the active superintendence of Mr Brome, further 
important petrifications may be brought to light, numerous human skulls of 
various dates have been already found, in fact, one cave seems to have been 
on old burial place in by-gone days, also other bones combined with the 
same kind of flint implements, and pottery as before; some have 
produced petrified bones including petrified jaws of a human 
being, which were found deposited under solid stalagmite. 
Leaving Windmill Hill and turning our steps upwards w r e 
come to “Martin's Cave” on the south-east side of “the Bock,” 
this seaboard cave excavated by the sea, and evidently sea-worn, was dis- 
Human jaws 
petrified. 
Martin’s cave. 
