6 
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF 
possible.” Sir Howard Douglas : — “ Success in future wars will depend on 
firing at long ranges.” Cavalli:—“ The old guns must in every respect give 
way to the new. Artillery must thus regain its superiority over small-arms. 
The elongated shrapnel of rifled guns are of especial value.” 
The La Hitte system, in connection with effect and mobility, is sketched 
at the end of this part; after which, the organisation, tactics, training, &c., 
of artillery are examined. It may be especially noted that in the distribution 
of the artillery in the ordre-de-bataille, the advantages of forming a divisional 
artillery were dismissed, and the principle was laid down that, in tactics, the 
combination of artillery power was essential. 
Period III. Prom 1860 to 1866.— Carrying through of the Armament 
of the Pield Artillery with Rifled Cannon. 
This period is bordered by two wars, each of which constitutes a turning 
point in the history of the development of rifled field guns. The campaign 
of 1866 settled the last doubts connected with the introduction of rifled ord¬ 
nance. A very bitter controversy arose on the question of calibre, in which 
the old dispute “effect and mobility” again broke out. In the solution of 
this question, a material gain was found in the introduction of the rifled 
system; for the state of affairs became this—the principle of effect gained the 
zone disputed by the actually existing light calibre, while the principle of 
mobility gained the terrain momentarily snatched away by the heavy calibre. 
Here the Prench muzzle-loading and the Prussian breech-loading systems 
divided the laurels. 
In the 1st and 2nd Chapters, the author gives a sketch of the experi¬ 
ments carried out, during the period de'alt with, with the object of fixing the 
systems. The development of the Prussian system is presented in detail. Any 
person desirous of studying the immense difficulties to be surmouuted in the 
formation of a new field artillery materiel , of informing himself on the 
details of planning and carrying out artillery experiments, or, again, of under¬ 
standing with what deep thought and consideration all questions referring 
to rifled field guns have to be proved and weighed, must not shrink from the 
trouble of examining this portion of MiillePs work. 
The data witli reference to effect and mobility in connection with rifled 
field guns, found in the 3rd Chapter, are official, or at all events taken from 
the best works of modern times; there can, consequently, be no doubt of their 
accuracy. Here, the author adds a short comparison between the effect of 
rifled and that of smooth-bore field guns. As this resume is compiled with 
great clearness, and, moreover, in it the author affirms his complete accord 
with the writings of Maresch and Nicaise, we cannot do better than give the 
reader some extracts:— 
(a) “ The light rifled field gun fires shell of an average weight 
1-68 k.g. greater than the weight of the solid shot of the corres¬ 
ponding smooth-bore gun, and somewhat greater than that of the 
12-pr. shell. 
(b) “ The heavy rifled field gun fires shell with an average weight 2’54 k.g. 
greater than the weight of the 12-pr. solid shot, and 1*63 k.g. 
greater than that of the 15-pr. shell. 
