THE ROYAL ARTILLERY INSTITUTION. 
7 
(c) “The shrapnel of the rifled gun contains a considerably larger 
number of bullets than that of the corresponding smooth-bore gun. 
(d) “ The number of bullets in the case shot employed with the rifled 
gun, compared with the number in the shot employed with the 
smooth-bore gun, is either quite immaterially smaller, or the same. 
(e) “Up to a range of about 750 metres, the velocity of the shell and 
shrapnel is somewhat less than that obtained with the smooth-bore 
guns; beyond 750 metres, it is considerably in excess of it. 
(f) “ Against fixed and living objects, the shells of rifled guns are very 
considerably more effective than the solid shot and shell of smooth¬ 
bore guns. 
(g) “Up to 800 metres, the extent of the zone covered by the shell 
with rifled guns is inferior to that covered by the missiles of 
smooth-bore guns; beyond 800 metres, it is immensely greater. 
(h) “ Apart from the longer maximum ranges of rifled guns—which are 
from 1500 to 2500 metres greater than those of smooth-bores—the 
distances applicable for a rapid decision have been extended from 
600 to 800 metres. 
(i) “In consequence of their increased accuracy, rifled guns exercise 
at 900 metres double, at 1200 metres four-fold, the effect of 
smooth-bores; at 3000 metres, the same effect as the smooth-bore 
at 1200 metres. 
(k) “The limit for the employment of shrapnel has been extended with 
rifled guns from at least 600 to 900 metres in comparison with 
the smooth-bore. On an average, the rifled gun firing shrapnel at 
1500 metres effects the same results as the smooth-bore at 800 
metres. 
(l) “ The effective range of case with rifled guns has retrograded from 
100 to 150 metres. Within the effective range, the result 
obtained is, however, but little inferior to that of smooth-bores, 
and is adequate to the present requirements. 
(m) “ By reason of the increased range of rifled guns, the opportunity of 
bringing an effective concentric or cross-fire on numerous points of 
the field of battle, both at absolutely, as well as relatively, longer 
distances than was possible with the smooth-bore, has been regained. 
(n) “ The introduction of rifled ordnance has, in fact, levelled the one¬ 
sided conditions which had arisen from the armament only of 
the infantry with rifled small-arms. 
(o) “ It will be necessary to augment the artillery.” 
In the 4th Chapter of this part, the author has collected and set forth the 
arguments bearing on the importance, effect, and mobility of rifled field guns, 
according as these factors have been regarded with doubt or with absolute 
opposition. “It might at the present time appear desirable,” says Major 
Muller, “to leave untouched an episode resulting from the development of 
rifled guns, the course of which has been very aptly pronounced by military 
literary journals to be f an empty literary movement/ But it is impossible 
for the historian to pass over a really f colossal error 9 in silence, which for a 
time, indeed, gained a certain ground, and an acquaintance with which may, 
in future, serve as an example of warning. At the head of this movement 
