TRACTION. 
481 
making the gun, total load, and tractive force required per horse a 
medium, as they should he, between those of horse artillery and heavy 
field batteries. 
On the peace establishment the heavy field battery gun-team con¬ 
sists of but six horses; in which case we have 
cwts. qrs. lbs. 
50 1 9 actual load, 
38 3 3 calculated load, 
11 2 6 difference; 
and the actual tractive force 106*70 lbs. per horse, instead of 82 lbs., 
as it should be. 
In teams for siege artillery carriages, the pace being the walk, it is 
usual to employ twelve horses, four abreast. 
At the walk, it is considered that a good draught horse can exert a 
tractive force of 120 lbs.; therefore, deducting 25 per cent, loss for the 
four leading horses on account of the large number in the team, we 
have the total tractive force of the latter as 120 x 12 — 120=1820 lbs. 
From which, assuming the same average resistance to rolling as in 
the case of field carriages, or making e = 64°, we find 
W + W■= 103| cwts. approximately, total load. 
This gives 969 lbs. load per horse, which Decker lays down for siege 
artillery should be 750 lbs., and Migout and Bergery 1018*5 lbs. 
The actual weight of a 64-pr. M.L.R. siege carriage and limber, 
packed, is 115 cwts. (about)—no ammunition carried—and of a 40-pr. 
M.L.R. carriage and limber, packed, 88| cwts.—18 rounds of ammu¬ 
nition included—which gives for the former a load per horse of 
1073 lbs. and tractive force of 132 lbs., and for the latter a load of 
826 lbs. and force of 104 lbs. 
From this, and considering also that the average resistance to 
rolling of the ground might fairly for a siege train be taken as greater 
than for field artillery, it seems reasonable to conclude that the 
64-pr. is too heavy a gun to be mounted on a travelling carriage, 
unless exceptional circumstances render it desirable. If mounted on a 
standing carriage, the weight of gun, carriage, and platform wagon to 
transport both (together) would be about 100 cwts., and if mounted 
on a sliding carriage upon a traversing* platform, fitted with trans¬ 
porting arrangement, the weight complete would be about 98 cwts. 
The latter arrangement could be made suitable for any height of 
parapet, and would have the further advantage that the gun would be 
brought into position mounted ready for use—no shifting from one 
carriage to another, or even changing from one set of trunnion-holes 
to another, being required. 
Wagon versus Limbers. 
It is advocated by some that three limbers, drawn by two horses 
each, might with advantage be substituted for the present ammunition 
62 
