208 
MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF 
3 ins. in section. Puddled rough bars were made from the best selected Scotch 
and North Wales pig iron, and were worked as little as possible before being sent 
to the forging department. The puddled bars were hammered, then rolled into 
No. 1 bar iron, and that was cut up, piled, and again rolled into No. 2 bars. 
“Mark C 1, No. 7.—A bar, cut by the planing machine from the exterior 
of one of the large cylindrical masses forged for the mortar chambers (but which 
turned out to be defective in the interior), in a line parallel with the axis of the 
mass. 
“Mark C 2, No. 8.—A similar bar, cut in the same way from another mass, 
defective in the interior, for the other mortar chamber. These specimens afford 
measures of the longitudinal strength of great cylindrical forgings. . . . 
“ Mark C 3, No. 9.—A hoop of about 3 ft. in diameter, cut out in the lathe 
from the circumference of one of these massive forgings. The hoop was cut 
through transversely, gradually made red hot, and then opened out straight by 
bending back, without hammer blows, so as to give a straight bar that should 
afford measures of the circumferential or tangential strength of the mass. 
“ Mark C 4, No. 10.—A hoop similarly prepared in all respects to the preceding, 
but from another forged mass—viz., that from which No. 7 was cut. Sections 
were, in fact, obtained from massive cylindrical forgings in three directions—viz., 
on the outside parallel with the axis, across the end transverse with the axis, and 
circumferentially by an annular ring from the end,” 
Class III. 
“ Mark L 4, No. 11.—-A bar, cut by the planing machine from the muzzle- 
end of the surplus length of the cylindrical mass, forged for the Mersey Company’s 
13-inch gun. This bar was cut transversely, or square to the axis of the cylinder, 
and in a line parallel to the diameter; it therefore gives a measure of the strength 
of the mass in a radial direction, or in the normal, in a piece of ordnance exposed 
to bursting strains. 
“ No. 12.—A bar, carefully fagotted in a charcoal fire, from the heavy cuttings 
out of the interior of the Mersey Company’s gun.” 
The subjoined woodcut explains the maimer in which the various specimens 
above referred to were cut out of the masses subjected to test. 
Fig. 2. 
Diagram to shew the three directions in which Test Specimens were taken. 
а. Circumferential specimen. 
б. Transverse specimen. 
c. Longitudinal specimen. 
6. The paper proceeds to explain at length the mode of building up the 
