284 POLYNESIAN RESEARCHES. 
Tamai or tuua is the general term for war, in all 
its diversified forms; the same word is also used 
to denote quarrelling ; aro is the term for battle. 
The modes of attack and defence were various, 
and regulated by circumstances. Among the 
principal, were the fatatia, where two armies, led 
on by their respective sovereigns, advanced face 
to face ; the duu mat a, in which none turn back ; 
the maiva , in which a select band, joining hands, 
rushed into the fiercest part of the conflict, and 
endeavoured to spread confusion and terror among 
the enemy ; the aro nee , where only a small front 
was shown, and the main force concealed; the 
moohono , jointless backbone, and the aro ro , (ant- 
fight) in which the army is formed in lines, and 
the front line, when hard pressed, retires, while 
those immediately behind advance to sustain the 
conflict. Besides these there were a number of 
others, such as the butoa , coral rock, in which the 
army stood and repelled every assailant; the rapa- 
tahi , in which the assailants singled out the chiefs 
and leaders; but the most desperate was the uura 
tama faarere , when the warriors forsook land, 
house, wife, and children, and, determining to 
refuse quarter, went forth to conquer or die. The 
divisions of the army were : 1. The viro aro , front 
line, or advanced guard ; 2. the apoa viri, second 
rank; 3. the tapono viri, shoulder viri, or third 
rank; 4. the hotuai, or fourth line ; and 5. the 
hoe haabua, or last division, including the wives, 
children, baggage, and property of the warriors. 
The rank immediately in front of the king or 
principal chief, always contained the bravest men. 
The forces were marshalled for the fight by the 
principal leader, who was said to tarai te aro, 
shape or form the battle; when this was accom- 
