THE liOYAL AKTILLE11Y INSTITUTION. 
9 
attention, and liis place will be with the guns, returning to the com¬ 
manding officer of troops when they cease firing. 
Attaching The attaching of single batteries to brigades is to be 
single batteries avoided, for the following reasons :— 
to brigades. 
1. The captain, as above stated, will have to be withdrawn 
from it to attend on the officer commanding the 
brigade. 
2. Two batteries together have the advantage of one being 
able to correct its range by the other. 
3. The massing of artillery is facilitated by keeping two or 
more batteries always together. 
Artillery Hence it follows that the artillery attached to a division 
attached to a ought to be kept together under one commander. Of course 
Detachments divisions ac ti n g“ independently will require some artillery with 
when neces- ’ their advance guards. Guns must also be attached to 
sary. brigades acting alone, whether of cavalry or infantry. But 
Detaching if the detaching of a single battery is to be deprecated, much 
divisions. more so is that of a division of a battery; when rendered 
absolutely necessary, as it may be from local causes, such as for the 
purpose of knocking down a barricade, let the division return to its 
battery immediately on completion of such special duty. 
Buies for the Application of Artillery in the Field. 
Application of The exigencies of battle must be our guide in laying down 
artillery. these rules ; for what is ordered in times of peace and 
practised on field days is attempted in battle, and therefore rules, except 
they provide for such exigencies, are utterly worthless, 
Four orders of battle exist:—■ 
1. Offensive. 
2. Defensive. 
3. The pursuit. 
4. The retreat (deliberately made), 
Orders of 
battle. 
Two more orders might be included—the reconnaissance and the hurried 
or forced retreat; but neither can be conducted according to fixed rules— 
the first changing from the offensive to the defensive, and back again, 
while laying down rules for the latter would be about the same as laying 
them down for a thatcher in the act of falling from the roof he has been 
repairing. 
The offensive battle may be said to commence somewhat 
battlTbya thus:—The advance guard of the division comes upon the 
single division, enemy; its foremost infantry or cavalry engage him; it becomes 
clear, from the position occupied and the nature of the defence 
he offers, that it is his intention to remain on the defensive. The 
artillery attached to the advance guard is at once brought up into care¬ 
fully selected positions, and with its fire occupies the enemy, while 
