THE FRENCH FIELD GUNS. 
161 
Near tlie lower end of the shell a grooved copper ring is inserted, 
intended to take the rifling and give the rotation. 
The double-walled shell is of two layers; the inner one having 30 
pyramidal projections. (See plate.) The outer layer is cast over this. 
The interior of the shell is completely filled with powder. 
In the case of the 80 mm gun, 30 rounds are carried with the gun and 90 in the wagon. 
„ 90 mm „ 24 „ „ 72 
„ 95 mm i, 18 „ u 72 
About one-fourth of the projectiles are shrapnel. 
The peace establishment of a French battery is as follows :— 
Captains. 
Subalterns ... 
N.C.O’s. 
Trumpeters ... 
Artificers, &c. 
Gunners . 
Biding horses 
Draught „ 
Field Battery. Horse Battery. 
.... 2 . 2 
.... 2 .. 2 
22 .... 
. 22 
2 .... 
. 2 
8 .... 
. 8 
70 .... 
. 72 
27 .... 
. 57 
32 .... 
. 28 
Total . 106 men. 108 men. 
59 horses. 85 horses. 
A battery consists of 6 guns, 9 wagons, 1 Gr.S. wagon, 1 forge, and 
1 forage wagon. 
95 mm Gun. 
Range in 
yds. 
Angle of 
elevation. 
Angle of 
descent. 
Time of 
flight in secs. 
Derivation. 
Mean deviation in ft. 
Longitudinal. 
Lateral. 
o 
/ 
O 
/ 
547.'. 
0 
33 
0 
53 
1-25 
0-15 
41 
1 
1094. 
1 
32 
2 
1 
2*64 
0-4 
39 
2 
2188. 
3 
53 
5 
14 
5-91 
1-82 
40 
4 
3282. 
6 
53 
9 
40 
9-SO 
5-01 
46 
7 
4376. 
10 
33 
15 
11 
14*50 
10-20 
53 
10 
5470. 
15 
13 
21 
56 
19-80 
18-30 
63 
17 
6564. 
21 
5 
25-53 
30-2 
81 
26 
7658. 
28 
30 
— 
49-8 
125 
41 
7713.. 
33 
17 
— 
69-0 
166 
60 
Mean Deviation of the 90 mm and 80 mm Guns. 
Range in 
yds. 
90 mm gun. 
Mean deflection in ft. 
80 mm gun. 
Mean deflection in ft. 
Longitudinal 
Lateral. 
Perpen¬ 
dicular. 
Longitudinal. 
lateral. 
Perpen¬ 
dicular. 
1094. 
42 
3 
1 
83 
3 
3 
2188. 
50 
7 
4 
84 
5 
7 
3282.. 
62 
13 
8 
85 
10 
14 
4376. 
76 
20 
18 
89 
18 
27 
5470. 
102 
30 
33 
109 
28 
52 
6564.. 
132 
38 
— 
152 
52 
_ 
