THE EQUIPMENT OP FIELD ARTILLERY. 
571 
62. Large scale—colored—lithographs should be provided showing Lithographs 
sections of the gun, ammunition, &c., and of any parts of the carriages, 
&c., (such as buffers) that might demand special explanation. There 
should also be a few pictures showing the effect to the eye of the burst 
of “good - ” and “bad” shells. 
63. The German Instruction Sight (fully described in R. A. I. ^P s ^ ction 
Papers, Yol. X., No. 2, p. 223,) should also be issued, and a list kept of 
all the trustworthy marksmen in the battery. 
64. For drill purposes, shells should be issued furnished with a Dummy 
dummy fuze, which should be set to a given range, whenever a round uze ‘ 
is fired. 
65. For the purpose of aiming drill, judging distance, and the Moving 
practice of firing at moving objects, we should suggest the adoption of aige 3 ‘ 
targets on the following principle :—In Plate IV., Fig. 6 , suppose that 
a gun is placed at 0 , let OC = 1000 yds., and let AB = 600 yds., and 
let AB be at right angles to OC. Let OE = -^o of OC, that is, let 
it = 50 yds. Then an object placed at Gwill present the same appear¬ 
ance to the eye at O, as an object "the size placed at E. That is to 
say a target of the dimensions 4*8 ins. x 3*6 ins. x 34*2 ins.* placed 
at E, would represent a field battery gun limbered up 1000 yds. away; 
now we can always get a range of 50 yds. in the barrack square (but 
if more convenient a scale of 4 V could be adopted) and we could thus 
represent the appearance of a gun or troops 1000 or 2000 yds. away. 
66 . Again, suppose AC = CB and BE parallel to AB. Join OA, 
OB cutting BE in B and E. Then, if the small target moves from 
B to F at the proper speed it will represent to the eye at 0 the appearance 
of the actual gun moving from A to B. AB is 600 yds., and this 
space would be traversed at the trot in 150 seconds, as a horse may be 
supposed to trot 240 yds. a minute. The little target should of course 
traverse BE in the same time, but BE is only 30 yds., its speed will 
therefore be 7*2 inches a second. 
Therefore, to represent the appearance of a gun or troops moving 
across our front any distance off, we have only to set up at -g^th this 
distance, a target Aoth 0 f the natural size and make it move at a 
certain speed. 
To represent Infantry the target should move as follows:—■ 
3’6 inches a second for the walk, as Infantry walk 120 yards per minute. 
5-4 „ „ double, „ double 180 „ 
For Cavalry and Artillery :—- 
7‘2 inches a second for the trot, as a horse trots 240 yards a minute. 
10'8 11 H gallop, 1 / gallops 360 „ 
If the scale of be adopted as the most convenient, targets, 
made of light frames of wood covered with canvas, painted to represent 
the actual objects, should be constructed -g^th the natural size of cavalry 
# Taken as the actual dimensions of a field piece limbered up. 
