396 
GARRISON ARTILLERY. 
In order to determine the best mode of mounting guns, experiments 
have been made, on different practice grounds in Russia, by firing 
from siege batteries on guns mounted in the four following ways :— 
(a) Guns mounted on overbank carriages. 
(b) Guns firing through embrasures. 
(c) Guns placed a known distance behind the parapet, and firing 
through shallow embrasures. 
(cl) Guns mounted in the covered way, behind very shallow embra¬ 
sures cut in the glacis. 
At the practice ground at Warsaw experiments were made with the 
9-pr. and 24-pr. bronze guns, at a range of 940 metres, with the 
following results 
For the dismounting of a gun on an overbank carriage, ten rounds 
from the 24-prs. were necessary; these also placed three men of the 
detachment hors de combat. 
Ten rounds from the 24-prs. were also fired at the gun behind 
the deep embrasure. These killed or wounded the whole gun detach¬ 
ment, and destroyed the embrasure. 
Fifty-two rounds, partly from the 9-prs. and partly from the 24-prs., 
were fired on a gun mounted in rear of a shallow embrasure; these 
killed or wounded the whole gun detachment, and greatly enlarged the 
embrasure (*91 m in depth, 3 m in breadth). 
In order to dismount a gun in the covered way behind a shallow 
embrasure, 75 rounds (partly from the 24-prs. and partly from the 
9-prs.) were necessary. 
From the results thus obtained, the experimental committee drew 
the following deductions 
To dismount guns either on overbank carriages, or firing through 
deep embrasures, requires but a short time and comparatively few 
rounds. 
To damage a gun mounted at some distance from the parapet, and 
firing through a shallow embrasure, or mounted in the covered way, is 
a much longer operation, and in general cannot be done until the 
covering parapet is breached, and the gun altogether exposed. The 
farther back a gun is from the parapet the more important it is that it 
should be covered from the enemy's fire—as in this case the danger of 
the gun detachment is much greater. 
The most secure position is behind the glacis in the covered way, 
because direct fire is almost impossible against guns so placed, and it 
is so difficult to see the effect of the shots. So that it takes a very 
long time and a great many projectiles to damage guns mounted here. 
Similar results were obtained at other practice grounds. General 
Todleben has made the following observations in reference to them :— 
“ It is not desirable to mount all the guns on the ramparts. Only a 
small portion of the armament should be so placed. The rest of the 
guns should be mounted in the covered way, and within the works. 
