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Among citrus fruits we have heretofore confined ourselves mainly to the Satsuma Orange. To meet the 
increasing demand, particularly for trees upon the hardy trifoliata stock for planting in the more northern 
regions of citrus growing, we include this season a comparatively full list of citrus fruits. This list has been 
selected with great care, and we believe includes the best of the leading and most desirable sorts. The stock 
offered has been grown by ourselves throughout. All the varieties listed can be supplied upon trifoliata 
stock, and the varieties of oranges, mandarins, pomelos and lemons also on orange stock. 
THE TRIFOLIATA. 
The trifoliata (Citrus trifoliata , Limonium trifolial 11771, Slagle sefiiaria and Citrus trifptera of 
botanists) has, during the last few years, attracted more attention among the orange growers and citri- 
culturists of this country, particularly in Florida and the sub-tropical region of the Gulf, than any other 
member of the citrus family Its value as a stock for other varieties, as well as for hedges, is now well 
determined by experimental planting, extending over a period of eighteen or nineteen years. Quite extensive 
orchards of the Satsuma and other varieties of the orange on trifoliata stocks have been planted during the 
past two or three years in Texas, Louisiana and Florida. 
Size and Characteristics. Unlike most of our cultivated citrus fruits, it is not a hybrid, sport or derived 
sort, but a primitive, wild species, reproducing itself without variation from the seed. It is a native of Japan, 
where it grows wild, and has been long used as a stock for cultivated varieties of the orange. There are many 
young trees in the Gulf states from 10 to 15 feet high ; in Japan it attains a height of 20 to 25 feet, and it is 
probable it will grow as large here. R. Maitre, of New Orleans, writes (June 11, 1894) : “ lu J ^75 I obtained 
two small plants, i-year-old cuttings, about 3 inches in size. I planted them two years afterward in the 
open ground ; at this present time the two plants are about 15 feet high and wide, flowering and bearing 
profusely every season.” On June 4, 1894, Prof. W. C. Stubbs, Director of the Louisiana Sugar Experi¬ 
mental Station, refers to recently cutting down a trifoliata tree “4 inches in diameter and from 15 to 20 
feet high.” 
It is deciduous, has dark, glossy green, trifoliate leaves and is thickly studded with stout thorns. It 
bears young, in 4 to 6 years from the seed, the fruit being inedible. The habit of growth is peculiar, being 
very angular and distinct. The illustrations we give convey an accurate idea of its growth and appearance. 
Hardiness. Dr. G. Devron, of New Orleans, says : “ Having been one of the first to cultivate the Citrus 
trifoliata in the open ground in the United States, and perhaps the first to see it bloom and produce fruit in 
this country, I must say that I know of no variety of the citrus family that can be more npglected, more 
exposed to extremes of temperature, or to excesses of moisture and dryness, with so much impunity. In the 
17 years I have had this citrus under observation, I have never found an injurious insect on the tree, 
or its leaves, flowers or fruit.” 
Stands a Low Temperature. “Its deciduousness increases its hardiness; being dormant in winter and 
the circulation of sap very limited, rupture to the cells and death to the plant by a freezing temperature is 
nearly impossible in any of our Southern states”—again we quote Dr. Devron. H. E. Van Deman, when 
U. S. Pomologist, referring to its ability to endure cold, said : “ Grows well outdoors here at Washington.” 
William Saunders, Superintendent Gardens and Grounds, U. S. Department of Agriculture, says: “This 
species will stand a zero temperature ” Prof H. J. Weber, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, writing 
from Washington on June 15, 1894, says : “There are a number of trees growing in the grounds here that 
are very thrifty and seem fully adapted to this region. They are about ten years old.” On June 11. 1894, 
R. Maitre, of Louisiana, writes: “I saw it growing splendidly in the court gardens at Baden Baden, 
Germany, on my visit in 1891.” Baden Baden is in the latitude of Montreal and Portland, Oregon. It is 
hardy in France everywhere south of Paris. But it is not necessary to go out of this country to determine 
its hardiness, as, throughout the South, and as far north as Washington, specimens have stood the winters 
uninjured for years. 
As a Hedge Plant. In Japan it is extensively used to construct impenetrable hedges. W. S. 
Reddick, of Buras, Louisiana, who has been growing trifoliata extensively, writes on June 10, 1894: “I 
agree with Dr. Devron that it is a first-class hedge plant, but I put it away ahead of the Osage Orange. It 
can be confined to a very small space, and with proper training can be made rabbit-proof.” “Forms an 
impenetrable barrier to man and beast. It is as hardy as far north as New York city.”— P. J. Berckmans. 
For Ornamental Planting. The ease with which it can be confined within small compass, and trained 
